Wikipedia

Saunt Petersburg

ceety o Roushe
(Reguidit frae Petrograd)
"Leningrad" redirects here. For ither uises, see Leningrad (disambiguation).
This airticle is aboot the ceety in Roushie. For the ceety in Florida, USA, see St. Petersburg, Florida. For other uses, see Saunt Petersburg (disambiguation).

Saunt Petersburg (Roushie: Aboot this soondСа́нкт-Петербу́рг (help·info), romanised: Sankt-Peterburg, lit. 'ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk') is a ceety an a federal subject (a federal ceety) o Roushie locatit on the Neva River at the heid o the Guwf o Finland on the Easter Seas. The ceety's ither names wis Petrograd (Roushie: Петроград, 1914–1924) an Leningrad (Roushie: Ленинград, 1924–1991). It is aften cawed juist Petersburg (Roushie: Петербург) an is informally kent as Piter (Roushie: Питер).

Saunt Petersburg
Federal ceety
Санкт-Петербург
Clockwise frae top left: Saunt Isaac's Cathedral rises ower the ceety, Peter an Paul Fortress on Zayachy Island, Palace Square wi the Alexander Column, Petergof, Nevsky Prospekt, an the Winter Palace
Banner o Saunt Petersburg
Banner
Coat of airms o Saunt Petersburg
Coat airms
Coordinates: 59°57′N 30°19′E / 59.950°N 30.317°E / 59.950; 30.317Coordinates: 59°57′N 30°19′E / 59.950°N 30.317°E / 59.950; 30.317
KintraRoushie
Federal destrictNorthwastren[1]
Economic regionNorthwastren[2]
Established27 Mey 1703[3]
Govrenment
 • BodiLegislative Assembly
 • GovrenorGeorgy Poltavchenko (actin)
Area
 • Total1439 km2 (556 sq mi)
Area rank82nt
Population
 (2010 Census)[5]
 • Total4,879,566
 • Estimate 
(2018)[6]
5,351,935 (+9.7%)
 • Rank4t
 • Density3,400/km2 (8,800/sq mi)
 • Urban
100%
 • Rural
0%
Time zoneUTC+3 (Moscow Time Edit this on Wikidata[7])
ISO 3166 codeRU-SPE
License plates78, 98, 178
OKTMO ID40000000
Offeecial leidsRoushie[8]

Foondit bi Tsar Peter the Great on 27 Mey 1703, it wis the caipital o the Roushie Empire for mair nor twa hunder years (1713–1728, 1732–1918). Saunt Petersburg ceased bein the caipital in 1918 efter the Roushie Revolution o 1917. It is Roushie's seicont lairgest ceety efter Moscow wi 4.6 million indwallers, an fowert in Europe efter Istanbul, Lunnon an Moscow. Saunt Petersburg is a major European cultural centre, an an important Roushie port on the Easter Seas.

Saunt Petersburg is aften describit as the maist Wastren ceety o Roushie. Amang ceeties o the warld wi ower ane million fowk, Saunt Petersburg is the northmaist. The Heestoric Centre o Saunt Petersburg an Related Groups o Monuments constitute a UNESCO Warld Heritage Steid. Saunt Petersburg is an aa hame tae The Hermitage, the lairgest airt museum in the warld. Roushie's poleetical an cultural centre for 200 year, the ceety is whiles referred tae in Roushie as the Northren Caipital. Ower its history it haes been referencit as "the Venice o the north" an the "Northren Palmira" an aw. A lairge nummer o foreign consulates, internaitional corporations, banks an ither businesses are locatit in Saunt Petersburg.

Demografics

eedit
Main airticle: Demografics o Saunt Petersburg

Saunt Petersburg is the seicont lairgest ceety in Roushie. Per the 2010 Census, the federal subject's population is 4,879,566, or 3.4% o the tot population o Roushie;[5] up frae 4,661,219 (3.21%) recordit in the 2002 Census,[9] an doun frae 5,023,506 recordit in the 1989 Census.[10]

The 2010 Census recordit the ethnic composition as follaes:[5] Roushie 92.5%, Ukrainian 1.5%, Belaroushies 0.9%, Jewish 0.6%, Tatar 0.7%, Uzbek 0.5%, Armenie 0.5%, Azeri 0.4%, Tajik 0.3%, Georgie 0.2%, Moldovan 0.2%, Finns 0.1%. Additionally, 652,827 fowk wur registered frae admeenistrative databases, an coud no declare an ethnicity. It is estimatit that the proportion o ethnicities in this group is the same as that o the declared group.[11]

The 20t century saw hectic ups an douns in population. Frae 2.4 million in 1916 it haed droppit tae less nor 740,000 bi 1920 durin the Roushie Revolution an Roushie Ceevil War. The minorities o Germans, Poles, Finns, Estonies an Latvies wur amaist completely transferred frae Leningrad durin the 1930s.[12] Frae 1941 tae the end o 1943, population droppit frae 3 million tae less nor 600,000, as fowk dee'd in battles, starvit tae daith durin the Siege o Leningrad, or wur evacuatit. Efter the siege, some o the evacuees returned, but maist influx wis due tae migration frae ither pairts o the Soviet Union. The ceety absorbit aboot 3 million fowk in the 1950s an grew tae ower 5 million in the 1980s. Frae 1991 tae 2006 the ceety's population decreased tae the 4.6 million, while the suburban population increased due tae privatization o land an massive muive tae suburbs. Based on the 2010 census results the current population is ower 4.8 million.[13][14] The birth rate remains lawer than the daith rate; fowk ower 65 constitute mair nor twinty percent o the population; an the median age is aboot 40 year.[15]

Fowk in urban Saunt Petersburg live maistly in apairtments. Atween 1918 an the 1990s, the Soviets naitionalisit hoosin an forcit residents tae share communal apairtments (kommunalkas). Wi 68% livin in shared flats in the 1930s, Leningrad wis the ceety in the USSR wi the lairgest nummer o kommunalkas. Resettlin residents o kommunalkas is nou on the wey oot, albeit shared apairtments are still no uncommon. As new burghs wur biggit on the ootskirts in the 1950s–1980s, ower hauf a million law income faimilies eventually receivit free apairtments, an aboot an additional hunder thoosan condos wur purchased. While economic an social activity is concentratit in the historic ceety centre, the richest pairt o Saunt Petersburg, maist fowk live in commuter auries. For the first hauf o 2007, the birth rate wis 9.1 per 1000.[16]

Govrenment

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Further information: Govrenment in Saunt Petersburg
 
The Mariinsky Palace, seat o the ceety assembly
 
Smolny Institute, the seat o the govrenor

Saunt Petersburg is a federal subject of Roushie.[17] The poleetical life o Saunt Petersburg is regulatit bi the ceety chairter adoptit bi the ceety legislatur in 1998.[18] The superior executive body is the Saunt Petersburg Ceety Admeenistration, led bi the govrenor (mayor afore 1996). Saunt Petersburg haes a single-chamber legislatur, the Saunt Petersburg Legislative Assembly.

Accordin tae the federal law passed in 2004, heids o federal subjects, includin the govrenor o Saint Petersburg, are nominatit bi the Preses o Roushie an approvit bi local legislaturs. If the legislatur disappruives the nominee, it is dissolvit.

Saunt Petersburg ceety is currently dividit intae aichteen districts. Saunt Petersburg is an aw the admeenistrative centre o Leningrad Oblast, an o the Northwastren Federal Destrict.[19] The Constitutional Court o Roushie muivit tae Saunt Petersburg frae Moscow in Mey 2008.

Saunt Petersburg an Leningrad Oblast, bein twa different federal subjects, share a nummer o local depairtments o federal executive agencies an courts, sic as court o arbitration, polis, FSB, postal service, drog enforcement admeenistration, penitentiary service, federal registration service, an ither federal services.

Twin touns an sister ceeties

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Relatit page: Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Roushie

Leet o sister ceeties tae Saunt Petersburg, juist lik it appears on the offeecial portal o the Ceety Govrenment, leetin baith sister ceeties an pairtnership tees:[20]

Ither sisterhuids no on the govrenment leet:

References

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  1. ↑ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
  2. ↑ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
  3. ↑ Official website of St. Petersburg. St. Petersburg in Figures Archived 2009-02-19 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ↑ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (21 Mey 2004). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 1 November 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
  5. ↑ a b c Roushie Federal State Stateestics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 Aw-Roushie Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 Aw-Roushie Population Census] (in Roushie). Federal State Stateestics Service.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
  6. ↑ http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/Popul2018.xls.
  7. ↑ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 Juin 2011. Retrieved 19 Januar 2019.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
  8. ↑ Offeecial ootthrou the Roushie Federation accordin tae Airticle 68.1 o the Constitution o Roushie.
  9. ↑ Roushie Federal State Stateestics Service (21 Mey 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population o Roushie, Its Federal Destricts, Federal Subjects, Destricts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Admeenistrative Centres, an Rural Localities wi Population o Ower 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [Aw-Roushie Population Census o 2002] (in Roushie).CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
  10. ↑ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [Aw Union Population Census o 1989: Present Population o Union an Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts an Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Destricts, Urban Settlements, an Veelages Servin as Destrict Admeenistrative Centres]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [Aw-Union Population Census o 1989] (in Roushie). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute o Demografie at the Naitional Resairch Varsity: Heicher Schuil o Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
  11. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived frae the original on 7 Januar 2019. Retrieved 27 Januar 2012.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  12. ↑ Martin, Terry (1998). The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing. The Journal of Modern History 70.4, 813–861.[deid airtin]
  13. ↑ Чистякова Н. Третье сокращение численности населения... и последнее? Демоскоп Weekly 163 – 164, August 1–15, 2004.
  14. ↑ Russian source: "Encyclopedia of Saint Petersburg" Чистяков А. Ю. Население (обзорная статья) Archived 2007-10-04 at the Wayback Machine. Энциклопедия Санкт-Петербурга
  15. ↑ Russian statistics Основные показатели социально-демографической ситуации в Санкт-Петербурге Archived 2006-10-10 at the Wayback Machine
  16. ↑ "В первом полугодии продолжалось умеренное повышение числа рождений". Demoscope.ru. Retrieved 6 Januar 2009.
  17. ↑ "The Constitution of the Russian federation". Constitution.ru. Retrieved 22 October 2009.
  18. ↑ "Russian source: Charter of Saint Petersburg City". Gov.spb.ru. Retrieved 22 October 2009.
  19. ↑ "Official website of the Northwestern Federal District (Russian)". Szfo.ru. 25 Juin 2009. Archived frae the original on 16 Februar 2008. Retrieved 22 October 2009.
  20. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb "Saint Petersburg in figures – International and Interregional Ties". Saint Petersburg City Government. Archived frae the original on 24 Februar 2009. Retrieved 23 Mairch 2008.
  21. ↑ "Barcelona's Sister cities". 2008 Ajuntament de Barcelona (City council's webpage). Archived frae the original on 27 November 2012. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  22. ↑ "::Bethlehem Municipality::". bethlehem-city.org. Archived frae the original on 13 Julie 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2009.
  23. ↑ "Coloful Daegu". Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  24. ↑ "Dresden Twin cities". 2008 Landeshauptstadt Dresden (City of Dresden: www.Dresden.de). Archived frae the original on 16 October 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  25. ↑ "Tenerife". Archived frae the original on 25 Mey 2010. Retrieved 27 September 2012.
  26. ↑ "Edinburgh – Twin and Partner Cities". 2008 The City of Edinburgh Council, City Chambers, High Street, Edinburgh, EH1 1YJ Scotland. Archived frae the original on 28 Mairch 2008. Retrieved 21 December 2008.
  27. ↑ "Gdańsk Official Website: 'Miasta partnerskie'" (in Polish & English). 2009 Urząd Miejski w Gdańsku. Archived frae the original on 23 Julie 2013. Retrieved 11 Julie 2009. freemit airtin in |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
  28. ↑ "Stadt Graz: Sister Cities". Archived frae the original on 12 October 2010. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  29. ↑ "Twin Towns – Graz Online – English Version". graz.at. Archived frae the original on 31 Januar 2010. Retrieved 5 Januar 2010.
  30. ↑ "Sister Cities of Istanbul". Archived frae the original on 17 Januar 2010. Retrieved 2 November 2008.
  31. ↑ Erdem, Selim Efe (3 November 2003). "İstanbul'a 49 kardeş" (in Turkish). Radikal. Retrieved 2 November 2008. 49 sister cities in 2003
  32. ↑ "Le Havre Website – Twin Towns".   (in English) 2006–2008 Ovidio Limited. Retrieved 30 November 2008.
  33. ↑ "Los Angeles City Council: Sister cities of Los Angeles". Archived frae the original on 19 Julie 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  34. ↑ "Partner Cities of Lyon and Greater Lyon". 2008 Mairie de Lyon. Archived frae the original on 19 Julie 2009. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  35. ↑ "Friendship Agreements". Manchester City Council. Archived frae the original on 11 Juin 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2008."Archived copy". Archived frae the original on 11 Juin 2008. Retrieved 27 September 2012.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  36. ↑ "International relations: Saint Petersburg". Archived frae the original on 26 September 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  37. ↑ "City of Melbourne — International relations — Sister cities". City of Melbourne. Archived frae the original on 26 September 2008. Retrieved 7 Julie 2009.
  38. ↑ "Milano – Città Gemellate". 2008 Municipality of Milan (Comune di Milano). Archived frae the original on 10 Apryle 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2008.
  39. ↑ "Official Website of Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai". Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. Archived frae the original on 28 October 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  40. ↑ "Osaka and the World, the official website of the Osaka city". Archived frae the original on 22 December 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  41. ↑ "Paris Partners: 'Les pactes d'amitié et de coopération'". Mairie de Paris. Archived frae the original on 22 Januar 2010. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  42. ↑ "Paris International relations : special partners". Mairie de Paris. Archived frae the original on 25 December 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  43. ↑ ~Plovdiv Sister cities Archived 2011-11-02 at the Wayback Machine
  44. ↑ "Prague Partner Cities" (in Czech). 2009 Magistrát hl. m. Prahy. Retrieved 2 Julie 2009. freemit airtin in |publisher= (help)
  45. ↑ "Twinning Cities". City of Thessaloniki. Archived frae the original on 31 Mairch 2009. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  46. ↑ (in Pols) "Miasta partnerskie Warszawy". um.warszawa.pl. Biuro Promocji Miasta. 4 Mey 2005. Archived frae the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 29 August 2008.
  47. ↑ "Zagreb Sister Cities". Archived frae the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  48. ↑ "Yerevan Municipality – Sister Cities". 2005–2009 www.yerevan.am. Archived frae the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 22 Juin 2009. freemit airtin in |publisher= (help)
  49. ↑ "Guide to Vilnuis". Archived frae the original on 12 October 2010. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  50. ↑ "Twin cities of Riga". Riga City Council. Archived frae the original on 4 December 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  51. ↑ About Daugavpils
  52. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Chairman of the Committee for External Relations of St. Petersburg". Translate.google.com. Retrieved 20 Julie 2012.
  53. ↑ "Online Directory: Russian Federation, Eurasia". Sister Cities International. Archived frae the original on 8 September 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  54. ↑ "Sister cities:Saint Petersburg, Russia". Archived frae the original on 19 October 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  55. ↑ Maribor sister cities[deid airtin]
  56. ↑ "US Africa Sister Cities Conference" (PDF). U.S. Africa sister cities foundation, inc. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 27 Mey 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  57. ↑ a b "Sister cities international". Archived frae the original on 27 Mey 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  58. ↑ "Sister partners of Oslo". Archived frae the original on 2 Januar 2009. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  59. ↑ "Rishon LeZion". Archived frae the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  60. ↑ "Partnership towns of the City of Košice" (in Slovak). 2007–2009 City of Košice Magistrát mesta Košice, Tr. SNP 48/A, 040 11 Košice. Archived frae the original on 17 August 2009. Retrieved 12 Julie 2009. freemit airtin in |publisher= (help)
  61. ↑ "Haifa agreement with partner" (in (in Roushie)). Mignews.com. Archived frae the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 20 Julie 2012.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
  62. ↑ "The city of Lviv, and its sister cities". Archived frae the original on 15 September 2013. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  63. ↑ "Hungary-Russia sister cities". Vengria.ru. Archived frae the original on 19 September 2012. Retrieved 20 Julie 2012.
  64. ↑ "Porto Alegre's International Sister Cities Program". Porto Alegre, RS. Retrieved 22 August 2008.

Freemit airtins

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