State o the Unitit States

A U.S. state (abbreviation o Unitit States state) is ony o the 50 federatit states o the Unitit States o Americae that share sovereignty wi the federal govrenment. Acause o this shared sovereignty, an American is a citizen baith o the federal entity an o his or her state o domicile.^[1] Fower states uise the offeecial title o commonweel rather than state. State ceetizenship is flexible an no govrenment approval is required tae muive atween states (wi the exception o convicts on parole).

The Unitit States Constitution allocates pouer atween thon twa levels o govrenment. Bi ratifyin the Constitution, the fowk transferred certain limited sovereign pouers tae the federal govrenment frae thair states. Unner the Tenth Amendment, aw pouers no delegatit tae the U.S. govrenment nor prohibitit tae the states are retained bi the states or the fowk. Historically, the tasks o public safety (in the sense o controllin creeme), public eddication, public heal, transportation, an infrastructur hae generally been considered primarily state responsibilities, awtho aw o thir nou hae significant federal fundin an regulation as well (based lairgely upon the Commerce Clause, the Taxin an Spendin Clause, an the Necessary an Proper Clause o the Constitution).

Ower time, the Constitution haes been amendit, an the interpretation an application o its provisions haes chynged. The general tendency haes been toward centralization an incorporation, wi the federal govrenment playin a muckler role nor it ance did. Thare is a continuin debate ower states' richts, that concerns the extent an naitur o the states' pouers an sovereignty in relation tae the federal govrenment as weel as the richts o individual bodys.

Congress micht admit new states on an equal fittin wi existin anes; housomeivver, it haesnae duin sae syne 1959. The Constitution is silent on the quaisten o gin states hae the pouer tae unilaterally lea, or secede frae, the Union, but the Supreme Court haes ruled^[2]^[3] secession tae be unconstitutional, a poseetion driven in pairt bi the ootcome o the American Ceevil War.

States

States o the Unitit States o Americae
Name & postal abbreviation^[4]		Ceeties		Established^[A]	Population ^[B]^[6]	Total area^[7]		Laund area^[7]		Watter area^[7]		# Reps.
Name & postal abbreviation^[4]		Caipital	Lairgest^[8]	Established^[A]	Population ^[B]^[6]	mi²	km²	mi²	km²	mi²	km²	# Reps.
Alabama	AL	Montgomery	Birmingham	000000001819-12-14-0000Dec 14, 1819	4,874,747	52,420	135,767	50,645	131,171	1,775	4,597	7
Alaska	AK	Juneau	Anchorage	000000001959-01-03-0000Jan 3, 1959	739,795	665,384	1,723,337	570,641	1,477,953	94,743	245,384	1
Arizona	AZ	Phoenix		000000001912-02-14-0000Feb 14, 1912	7,016,270	113,990	295,234	113,594	294,207	396	1,026	9
Arkansas	AR	Little Rock		000000001836-06-15-0000Jun 15, 1836	3,004,279	53,179	137,732	52,035	134,771	1,143	2,961	4
Californie	CA	Sacramento	Los Angeles	000000001850-09-09-0000Sep 9, 1850	39,536,653	163,695	423,967	155,779	403,466	7,916	20,501	53
Colorado	CO	Denver		000000001876-08-01-0000Aug 1, 1876	5,607,154	104,094	269,601	103,642	268,431	452	1,170	7
Connecticut	CT	Hartford	Bridgeport	000000001788-01-09-0000Jan 9, 1788	3,588,184	5,543	14,357	4,842	12,542	701	1,816	5
Delaware	DE	Dover	Wilmington	000000001787-12-07-0000Dec 7, 1787	961,939	2,489	6,446	1,949	5,047	540	1,399	1
Florida	FL	Tallahassee	Jacksonville	000000001845-03-03-0000Mar 3, 1845	20,984,400	65,758	170,312	53,625	138,887	12,133	31,424	27
Georgie	GA	Atlanta		000000001788-01-02-0000Jan 2, 1788	10,429,379	59,425	153,910	57,513	148,959	1,912	4,951	14
Hawaii	HI	Honolulu		000000001959-08-21-0000Aug 21, 1959	1,427,538	10,932	28,313	6,423	16,635	4,509	11,678	2
Idaho	ID	Boise		000000001890-07-03-0000Jul 3, 1890	1,716,943	83,569	216,443	82,643	214,045	926	2,398	2
Illinois	IL	Springfield	Chicago	000000001818-12-03-0000Dec 3, 1818	12,802,023	57,914	149,995	55,519	143,793	2,395	6,202	18
Indiana	IN	Indianapolis		000000001816-12-11-0000Dec 11, 1816	6,666,818	36,420	94,326	35,826	92,789	593	1,537	9
Iowa	IA	Des Moines		000000001846-12-28-0000Dec 28, 1846	3,145,711	56,273	145,746	55,857	144,669	416	1,077	4
Kansas	KS	Topeka	Wichita	000000001861-01-29-0000Jan 29, 1861	2,913,123	82,278	213,100	81,759	211,754	520	1,346	4
Kentucky^[C]	KY	Frankfort	Louisville	000000001792-06-01-0000Jun 1, 1792	4,454,189	40,408	104,656	39,486	102,269	921	2,387	6
Louisiana	LA	Baton Rouge	New Orleans	000000001812-04-30-0000Apr 30, 1812	4,684,333	52,378	135,659	43,204	111,898	9,174	23,761	6
Maine	ME	Augusta	Portland	000000001820-03-15-0000Mar 15, 1820	1,335,907	35,380	91,633	30,843	79,883	4,537	11,750	2
Maryland	MD	Annapolis	Baltimore	000000001788-04-28-0000Apr 28, 1788	6,052,177	12,406	32,131	9,707	25,142	2,699	6,990	8
Massachusetts^[C]	MA	Boston		000000001788-02-06-0000Feb 6, 1788	6,859,819	10,554	27,336	7,800	20,202	2,754	7,134	9
Michigan	MI	Lansing	Detroit	000000001837-01-26-0000Jan 26, 1837	9,962,311	96,714	250,487	56,539	146,435	40,175	104,052	14
Minnesota	MN	St. Paul	Minneapolis	000000001858-05-11-0000Mey 11, 1858	5,576,606	86,936	225,163	79,627	206,232	7,309	18,930	8
Mississippi	MS	Jackson		000000001817-12-10-0000Dec 10, 1817	2,984,100	48,432	125,438	46,923	121,531	1,508	3,907	4
Missouri	MO	Jefferson City	Kansas City	000000001821-08-10-0000Aug 10, 1821	6,113,532	69,707	180,540	68,742	178,040	965	2,501	8
Montana	MT	Helena	Billings	000000001889-11-08-0000Nov 8, 1889	1,050,493	147,040	380,831	145,546	376,962	1,494	3,869	1
Nebraska	NE	Lincoln	Omaha	000000001867-03-01-0000Mar 1, 1867	1,920,076	77,348	200,330	76,824	198,974	524	1,356	3
Nevada	NV	Carson City	Las Vegas	000000001864-10-31-0000Oct 31, 1864	2,998,039	110,572	286,380	109,781	284,332	791	2,048	4
New Hampshire	NH	Concord	Manchester	000000001788-06-21-0000Jun 21, 1788	1,342,795	9,349	24,214	8,953	23,187	397	1,027	2
New Jersey	NJ	Trenton	Newark	000000001787-12-18-0000Dec 18, 1787	9,005,644	8,723	22,591	7,354	19,047	1,368	3,544	12
New Mexico	NM	Santa Fe	Albuquerque	000000001912-01-06-0000Jan 6, 1912	2,088,070	121,590	314,917	121,298	314,161	292	757	3
New York	NY	Albany	New York City	000000001788-07-26-0000Jul 26, 1788	19,849,399	54,555	141,297	47,126	122,057	7,429	19,240	27
North Carolina	NC	Raleigh	Charlotte	000000001789-11-21-0000Nov 21, 1789	10,273,419	53,819	139,391	48,618	125,920	5,201	13,471	13
North Dakota	ND	Bismarck	Fargo	000000001889-11-02-0000Nov 2, 1889	755,393	70,698	183,108	69,001	178,711	1,698	4,397	1
Ohio	OH	Columbus		000000001803-03-01-0000Mar 1, 1803	11,658,609	44,826	116,098	40,861	105,829	3,965	10,269	16
Oklahoma	OK	Oklahoma Ceety		000000001907-11-16-0000Nov 16, 1907	3,930,864	69,899	181,037	68,595	177,660	1,304	3,377	5
Oregon	OR	Salem	Portland	000000001859-02-14-0000Feb 14, 1859	4,142,776	98,379	254,799	95,988	248,608	2,391	6,191	5
Pennsylvanie^[C]	PA	Harrisburg	Philadelphia	000000001787-12-12-0000Dec 12, 1787	12,805,537	46,054	119,280	44,743	115,883	1,312	3,397	18
Rhode Island	RI	Providence		000000001790-05-29-0000Mey 29, 1790	1,059,639	1,545	4,001	1,034	2,678	511	1,324	2
Sooth Carolina	SC	Columbia	Charleston	000000001788-05-23-0000Mey 23, 1788	5,024,369	32,020	82,933	30,061	77,857	1,960	5,076	7
Sooth Dakota	SD	Pierre	Sioux Falls	000000001889-11-02-0000Nov 2, 1889	869,666	77,116	199,729	75,811	196,350	1,305	3,379	1
Tennessee	TN	Nashville		000000001796-06-01-0000Jun 1, 1796	6,715,984	42,144	109,153	41,235	106,798	909	2,355	9
Texas	TX	Austin	Houston	000000001845-12-29-0000Dec 29, 1845	28,304,596	268,596	695,662	261,232	676,587	7,365	19,075	36
Utah	UT	Salt Lake City		000000001896-01-04-0000Jan 4, 1896	3,101,833	84,897	219,882	82,170	212,818	2,727	7,064	4
Vermont	VT	Montpelier	Burlington	000000001791-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1791	623,657	9,616	24,906	9,217	23,871	400	1,035	1
Virginie^[C]	VA	Richmond	Virginia Beach	000000001788-06-25-0000Jun 25, 1788	8,470,020	42,775	110,787	39,490	102,279	3,285	8,508	11
Washington	WA	Olympia	Seattle	000000001889-11-11-0000Nov 11, 1889	7,405,743	71,298	184,661	66,456	172,119	4,842	12,542	10
Wast Virginie	WV	Charleston		000000001863-06-20-0000Jun 20, 1863	1,815,857	24,230	62,756	24,038	62,259	192	497	3
Wisconsin	WI	Madison	Milwaukee	000000001848-05-29-0000Mey 29, 1848	5,795,483	65,496	169,635	54,158	140,268	11,339	29,367	8
Wyoming	WY	Cheyenne		000000001890-07-10-0000Jul 10, 1890	579,315	97,813	253,335	97,093	251,470	720	1,864	1

Notes

↑ The oreeginal 13 states becam sovereign in Julie 1776 upon greein tae the Unitit States Declaration o Unthirldom, an ilk jynt the first Union o states atween 1777 an 1781, upon ratifeein the Airticles o Confederation.^[5] Thir states are presentit in the order in that each ratifee'd the 1787 Constitution, sicweys jynin the present federal Union o states. Subsequent states are leetit in the order o thair admission tae the Union, an the date gien is the offeecial establishment date set bi Act o Congress. For forder details, see Leet o U.S. states bi date o admission tae the Union
↑ 2017 estimate
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Uses the term "commonwealth" raither nor "state" in its full offeecial name.

References

↑ See the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
↑ Aleksandar Pavković, Peter Radan, Creating New States: Theory and Practice of Secession, p. 222, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2007.
↑ Texas v. White, 74 U.S. 700 (1868) at Cornell University Law School Supreme Court collection.
↑ "Appendix B: Two–Letter State and possession Abbreviations". Postal Addressing Standards. Washington, D.C.: United States Postal Service. Mey 2015. Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018.
↑ Jensen, Merrill (1959). The Articles of Confederation: An Interpretation of the Social-Constitutional History of the American Revolution, 1774–1781. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. xi, 184. ISBN 978-0-299-00204-6.
↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2017". Washington, D.C.: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. December 2017. Archived frae the original on 9 Apryle 2018. Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018.
↑ ^a ^b ^c "State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates". Washington, D.C.: U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018. ... provides land, water and total area measurements for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the Island Areas. The area measurements were derived from the Census Bureau's Master Address File/Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER®) database. The land and water areas, ... reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER® database through August, 2010.
↑ "State and Local Government Finances and Employment" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 2012. p. 284. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 17 October 2011. Retrieved 8 Julie 2013. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)

Further readin

Stein, Mark, How the States Got Their Shapes, New York : Smithsonian Beuks/Collins, 2008. ISBN 978-0-06-143138-8

Freemit airtins

Information aboot Aw States Archived 2009-07-24 at the Wayback Machine frae UCB Libraries GovPubs
State Resource Guides, frae the Library o Congress
Tables wi auries, populations, densities an mair (in order o population) Archived 2003-10-18 at the Wayback Machine
Tables with areas, populations, densities and more (alphabetical) Archived 2003-08-31 at the Wayback Machine
State an Territorial Govrenments on USA.gov
StateMaster – statistical database for US States. Archived 2012-06-16 at the Wayback Machine
U.S. States: Comparisons, rankins, demographics Archived 2015-10-23 at the Wayback Machine

Template:USPoleeticalDiveesions

[6] The oreeginal 13 states becam sovereign in Julie 1776 upon greein tae the Unitit States Declaration o Unthirldom, an ilk jynt the first Union o states atween 1777 an 1781, upon ratifeein the Airticles o Confederation.^[5] Thir states are presentit in the order in that each ratifee'd the 1787 Constitution, sicweys jynin the present federal Union o states. Subsequent states are leetit in the order o thair admission tae the Union, an the date gien is the offeecial establishment date set bi Act o Congress. For forder details, see Leet o U.S. states bi date o admission tae the Union

[7] 2017 estimate

[statenomenclature-11] Uses the term "commonwealth" raither nor "state" in its full offeecial name.

[1] See the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

[books.google.com-2] Aleksandar Pavković, Peter Radan, Creating New States: Theory and Practice of Secession, p. 222, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2007.

[Texas_v._White-3] Texas v. White, 74 U.S. 700 (1868) at Cornell University Law School Supreme Court collection.

[USPSabbreviations-4] "Appendix B: Two–Letter State and possession Abbreviations". Postal Addressing Standards. Washington, D.C.: United States Postal Service. Mey 2015. Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018.

[5] Jensen, Merrill (1959). The Articles of Confederation: An Interpretation of the Social-Constitutional History of the American Revolution, 1774–1781. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. xi, 184. ISBN 978-0-299-00204-6.

[Censusestimates-8] "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2017". Washington, D.C.: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. December 2017. Archived frae the original on 9 Apryle 2018. Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018.

[areameasurements-9] "State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates". Washington, D.C.: U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018. ... provides land, water and total area measurements for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the Island Areas. The area measurements were derived from the Census Bureau's Master Address File/Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER®) database. The land and water areas, ... reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER® database through August, 2010.

[State_and_Local_Government_Finances_and_Employment-10] "State and Local Government Finances and Employment" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 2012. p. 284. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 17 October 2011. Retrieved 8 Julie 2013. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[A]

[B]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[C]

[5]