Wikipedia

Mexico

kintra in North Americae
(Reguidit frae México)
This airticle is aboot the kintra in North Americae. For ither uisses, see Mexico (disambiguation).

Mexico (Spainish: México [ˈmexiko] ( listen); Nahuatl leids: Mēxihco), offeecially the Unitit Mexican States (Spaingie: Estados Unidos Mexicanos, Aboot this soondlisten (help·info)),[8][9][10][11] is a federal republic in the soothrenmist portion o North Americae. It is mairchit tae the north bi the Unitit States; tae the sooth an wast bi the Paceefic Ocean; tae the sootheast bi Guatemala, Belize, an the Caribbean Sea; an tae the east bi the Gulf o Mexico.[12] Kiverin awmaist 2,000,000 square kilometre (770,000 sq mi),[11] the naition is the fift lairgest kintra in Americae bi tot aurie an the 13t lairgest independent state in the warld.

Unitit Mexican States

Motto: Nane[1]
Anthem: Himno Nacional Mexicano
(Inglis: "Mexican National Anthem")

Naitional seal:
Sello de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos  (Spaingie)
Seal o the Unitit Mexican States
Location o Mexico
Caipital
and largest city
Mexico Ceety
19°26′N 99°08′W / 19.433°N 99.133°W / 19.433; -99.133
Naitional leidsSpaingie
Ethnic groups
(2010)
Demonym(s)Mexican
GovrenmentFederal presidential
constitutional republic[3]
• Preses
Andrés Manuel López Obrador
Oscar Eduardo Ramírez Aguilar
Dulce María Sauri Rianco
Luis María Aguilar Morales
Olga Sánchez Cordero
LegislaturCongress
Senate
Chamber o Deputies
Unthirldom 
frae Spain
• Declared
16 September 1810
• Recognisit
27 September 1821
Aurie
• Total
1,972,550 km2 (761,610 sq mi) (14th)
• Water (%)
2.5
Population
• 2013 estimate
118,395,054[4] (11t)
• Density
57/km2 (147.6/sq mi) (142nt)
GDP (PPP)2012 estimate
• Total
$1.759 trillion[5] (11t)
• Per capita
$15,312[5] (64t)
GDP (nominal)2012 estimate
• Tot
$1.177 trillion[5] (14t)
• Per capita
$10,247[5] (66t)
Gini (2010)47.2[6]
heich
HDI (2012)Increase 0.775[7]
heich · 61st
CurrencyPeso (MXN)
Time zoneUTC−8 tae −6 (See Time in Mexico)
• Summer (DST)
UTC−7 tae −5 (varies)
Drivin sidericht
Cawin code+52
ISO 3166 codeMX
Internet TLD.mx
Territorial organization

Wi an estimatit population o ower 120 million fowk,[13] the kintra is the elevent maist populous state an the maist populous Spaingie-speakin state in the warld, while bein the seicont maist populous naition in Laitin Americae efter Brazil. Mexico is a federation compreesin 31 states an Mexico Ceety, a special federal entity that is also the caipital ceety an its maist populous ceety. Ither metropolises in the state include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, an Tijuana.

Mexico haes the 15t lairgest nominal GDP an the 11t lairgest bi purchasin pouer parity. The Mexican economy is strangly airtit tae thae o its 1994 North American Free Tred Greement (NAFTA) pairtners, espeshally the Unitit States.[14][15] In 1994, Mexico becam the first Laitin American member o the Organisation for Economic Co-operation an Development (OECD). It is clessifee'd as an upper-middle income kintra bi the Warld Bank[16] an a newly industrialised kintra bi several analysts.[17][18][19][20] The kintr is conseedert aith a regional pouer an a middle pouer,[21][22][23][24] an is eften identifee'd as an emergin global pouer.[25] Due tae its rich cultur an history, Mexico ranks first in Americae an seivent in the warld for nummer o UNESCO Warld Heritage Steids.[26][27] Mexico is an ecologically megadiverse kintra, rankin fowert in the warld for its biodiversity. Mexico haes mony tourists: in 2016, it wis the aicht maist-veesitit kintra in the warld, wi 35 million internaitional arrivals.[28] Mexico is a member o the Unitit Naitions (UN), the Warld Trade Organisation (WTO), the G8+5, the G20, the Unitin for Consensus group o the UN, an the Paceefic Alliance tred bloc. Bi 2050, Mexico coud potentially acome the warld's fift or seivent lairgest economy.[29][30]

Pre-Columbian Mexico dates tae aboot 8000 BC an is identifee'd as ane o seiven cradles o ceevilisation an wis hame tae mony advanced Mesoamerican ceevilisations sic as the Olmec, Toltec, Teotihuacan, Zapotec, Maya, an Aztec afore first contact wi Europeans. In 1521, the Spaingie Empire conquered an colonised the territory frae its poleetically pouerfu base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan (pairt o Mexico Ceety), that wis admeenistert as the viceryalty o New Spain. Three centuries later, the territory becam a naition state follaein its recogneetion in 1821 efter the colony's Mexican War o Unthirldom. The post-unthirldom period wis tumultuous, chairacterised bi economic inequality an mony intense poleetical chynges. The Mexican–American War (1846–1848) led te a territorial cession o the extant northren territories tae the Unitit States. The Pastry War, the Franco-Mexican War, a ceevil war, twa empires, an the Porfiriato occurred in the 19t century. The Porfiriato wis endit bi the stairt o the Mexican Revolution in 1910, that culminatit wi the promulgation o the 1917 Constitution an the emergence o the kintra's current poleetical seestem as a democratic republic.

Entidades federativas de México
Name ificial abbreviated coat Capital Largest City surface (km²)[31] population (2020)[32] Densidad de población (hab/km²) Orden de creación Fecha de creación Ubicación
Aguascalientes Ags. Aguascalientes Aguascalientes 05618 01425607 237.23 024 1819121405/02/1857[33] 80px
Baja California B. C. Mexicali Tijuana 071446 03769020 50.86 029 1819121416/01/1952[34] 80px
Baja California Sur B. C. S. La Paz La Paz 073922 0798447 8.62 030 1819121408/10/1974[35] 80px
Campeche Camp. San Francisco de Campeche San Francisco de Campeche 057924 928363 14.20 025 1819121429/04/1863[36] 80px
Chiapas Chis. Tuxtla Gutiérrez Tuxtla Gutiérrez 073289 05543828 65.45 019 1819121414/09/1824[37] 80px
Chihuahua Chih. Chihuahua Ciudad Juárez 0247455 03741869 13.77 018 1819121406/07/1824[37] 80px
Ciudad de México CDMX — Iztapalapa 01485 09209944 5960.27 032 1819121430/01/2016[38] 80px
Coahuila de Zaragoza5 Coah. Saltillo Saltillo 0151563 03146771 20.16 016 1819121407/05/1824[37] 80px
Colima Col. Colima Colima 05625 0731391 115.65 023 1819121409/12/1856[39][40] 80px
Durango Dgo. Victoria de Durango Victoria de Durango 0123451 01832650 13.23 017 1819121422/05/1824[37] 80px
Guanajuato Gto. Guanajuato León de los Aldama 030608 06166934 179.25 02 1819121420/12/1823[37] 80px
Guerrero Gro. Chilpancingo
de los Bravo 		Acapulco de Juárez 063621 03540685 53.26 021 1819121427/10/1849[41] 80px
Hidalgo Hgo. 60px Pachuca de Soto Pachuca de Soto 020813 03082841 128.05 026 1819121416/01/1869[42] 80px
Jalisco Jal. Guadalajara Zapopan 078599 08348151 93.52 09 1819121423/12/1823[37] 80px
México Méx. Toluca de Lerdo Ecatepec de Morelos 022357 016992418 678.80 01 1819121420/12/1823[37] 80px
Michoacán de Ocampo Mich. 73x73px Morelia Morelia 058643 04748846 74.20 05 1819121422/12/1823[37] 80px
Morelos Mor. 50px Cuernavaca Cuernavaca 04893 01971520 363.22 027 1819121417/04/1869[43] 80px
Nayarit Nay. 50px Tepic Tepic 027815 01235456 39.01 028 1819121426/01/1917[44] 80px
Nuevo León N. L. 50px Monterrey Monterrey 064220 05784442 72.46 015 1819121407/05/1824[37] 80px
Oaxaca Oax. 50px Oaxaca de Juárez Oaxaca de Juárez 093793 04132148 40.54 03 1819121421/12/1823[37] 80px
Puebla Pue. 50px Puebla de Zaragoza Puebla de Zaragoza 034290 06583278 168.56 04 1819121421/12/1823[37] 80px
Querétaro Qro. 50px Santiago de Querétaro Santiago de Querétaro 011684 02368467 156.45 011 1819121423/12/1823[37] 80px
Quintana Roo Q. R. 50px Chetumal Cancún 042361 01857985 31.29 031 1819121408/10/1974[45] 80px
San Luis Potosí S. L. P. 50px San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí 060983 02822255 42.40 06 1819121422/12/1823[37] 80px
Sinaloa Sin. 50px Culiacán Rosales Culiacán Rosales 057377 03026943 48.24 020 1819121414/10/1830[46] 80px
Sonora6 Son. 50px Hermosillo Hermosillo 0179503 02944840 14.83 012 1819121410/01/1824[37] 80px
Tabasco Tab. 75x75px Villahermosa Villahermosa 024738 02402598 90.49 013 1819121407/02/1824[37] 80px
Tamaulipas Tamps. 50px Ciudad Victoria Reynosa 080175 03527735 40.77 014 1819121407/02/1824[37] 80px
Tlaxcala Tlax. 50px Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl 04016 01342977 291.32 022 1819121409/12/1856[47] 80px
Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave Ver. 50px Xalapa-Enríquez Veracruz 071820 08062579 106.42 07 1819121422/12/1823[37] 80px
Yucatán7 Yuc. 50px Mérida Mérida 039612 02320898 49.37 08 1819121423/12/1823[37] 80px
Zacatecas Zac. 50px Zacatecas Zacatecas 075539 01622138 19.73 010 1819121423/12/1823[37] 80px

References

eedit
  1. ↑ "El lema de una nación". Blogexperto.com. 17 Juin 2009. Archived frae the original on 10 October 2013. Retrieved 17 Julie 2013.
  2. ↑ "Población de 3 años y más en entidades federativas seleccionadas y su distribución porcentual según condición de autoadscripción étnica para cada entidad federativa, sexo y condición de habla indígena". Censo de Población y Vivienda 2010 — Cuestionario ampliado (in Spanish). INEGI. 2011. Retrieved 22 Mey 2012.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
  3. ↑ "Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, title 2, article 40" (PDF). MX: SCJN. Archived frae the original on 11 Mey 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2010.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  4. ↑ "México, Proyecciones de Población". Consejo Nacional de Población (CONAPO). Archived frae the original on 7 August 2013. Retrieved 9 September 2013.
  5. ↑ a b c d "Mexico". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 18 Apryle 2013.
  6. ↑ "Gini Index". World Bank. Retrieved 23 Mey 2012.
  7. ↑ "2013 Human Development Report Statistics" (PDF). Human Development Report 2013. United Nations Development Programme. 14 Mairch 2013. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 19 Mairch 2013. Retrieved 16 Mairch 2013.
  8. ↑ Romo, Rafael (23 November 2012). "After nearly 200 years, Mexico may make the name official". CNN.
  9. ↑ "About Mexico". Embajada de Mexico en Estados Unidos (Mexican Embassy in the United States). December 3, 2012. Archived frae the original on December 2, 2013. Retrieved Julie 17, 2013.
  10. ↑ "Official name of the country". Presidency of Mexico. 31 Mairch 2005. Archived frae the original on 26 Mairch 2010. Retrieved 26 Mairch 2010.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  11. ↑ a b Mexico entry at The World Factbook
  12. ↑ Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary, 3rd ed., Springfield, Massachusetts, United States, Merriam-Webster; p. 733
  13. ↑ "INEGI 2010 Census Statistics". www.inegi.org.mx. Archived frae the original on Januar 8, 2011. Retrieved November 25, 2010.
  14. ↑ "Mexico (05/09)". US Department of State. 25 Juin 2012. Retrieved 17 Julie 2013.
  15. ↑ "CRS Report for Congress" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. 4 November 2008. Retrieved 17 Julie 2013.
  16. ↑ "Country and Lending Groups". World Bank. Archived frae the original on Mairch 18, 2011. Retrieved Mairch 5, 2011. Uppermiddle Income defined as a per capita income between $3,976 – $12,275
  17. ↑ Paweł Bożyk (2006). "Newly Industrialized Countries". Globalization and the Transformation of Foreign Economic Policy. Ashgate Publishing. p. 164. ISBN 978-0-7546-4638-9.
  18. ↑ Mauro F. Guillén (2003). "Multinationals, Ideology, and Organized Labor". The Limits of Convergence. Princeton University Press. p. 126 (table 5.1). ISBN 978-0-691-11633-4.
  19. ↑ David Waugh (2000). "Manufacturing industries (chapter 19), World development (chapter 22)". Geography, An Integrated Approach (3rd ed.). Nelson Thornes. pp. 563, 576–579, 633, and 640. ISBN 978-0-17-444706-1.
  20. ↑ N. Gregory Mankiw (2007). Principles of Economics (4th ed.). Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western. ISBN 978-0-324-22472-6.
  21. ↑ James Scott; Matthias vom Hau; David Hulme. "Beyond the BICs: Strategies of influence". The University of Manchester. Archived frae the original on 25 Mey 2017. Retrieved 11 Apryle 2012.
  22. ↑ "How to compare regional powers: analytical concepts and research topics" (PDF). British International Studies Association. Archived frae the original (PDF) on November 30, 2012. Retrieved Apryle 11, 2012.
  23. ↑ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan" (PDF). Retrieved 7 Mey 2012.
  24. ↑ "Oxford Analytica". Wayback.archive.org. Archived frae the original on 24 Apryle 2007. Retrieved 17 Julie 2013.
  25. ↑ "G8: Despite Differences, Mexico Comfortable as Emerging Power". ipsnews.net. 5 Juin 2007. Archived frae the original on 16 August 2008. Retrieved 30 Mey 2010.
  26. ↑ "UNESCO World Heritage Centre — World Heritage List". UNESCO. Retrieved 25 Mey 2012.
  27. ↑ "Mexico's World Heritage Sites Photographic Exhibition at UN Headquarters". whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 30 Mey 2010.
  28. ↑ "México ya es 8° destino turístico en el mundo". www.elfinanciero.com.mx. El Financiero. Retrieved 11 Mey 2017.
  29. ↑ "Mexico 2050: The World's Fifth Largest Economy". :. 17 Mairch 2010. Archived frae the original on 25 Julie 2013. Retrieved 12 Julie 2013.CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  30. ↑ "World in 2050 – The BRICs and beyond: prospects, challenges and opportunities" (PDF). PwC Economics. Archived frae the original (PDF) on Februar 22, 2013. Retrieved Julie 17, 2013.
  31. ↑ "Selecciona una Entidad Federativa..." Archived frae the original on 23 Julie 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  32. ↑ Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, ed. (2020). "Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020".
  33. ↑ "Calendario de Eventos Cívicos - Febrero". Archived frae the original on 11 Apryle 2010. Retrieved 25 August 2021. Cite has empty unkent parameter: |1= (help)
  34. ↑ "Transformación Política de Territorio Norte de la Baja California a Estado 29". Archived frae the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  35. ↑ "Secretaria de Educación Pública". Archived frae the original on 10 August 2010. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  36. ↑ "Secretaria de Educación Pública". Archived frae the original on 26 October 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  37. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "La Diputación Provincial y El Federalismo Mexicano".
  38. ↑ "Conmemora la Secretaría de Cultura el 185 Aniversario del Decreto de Creación del Distrito Federal".[deid airtin]
  39. ↑ "Portal Ciudadano de Baja California". Archived frae the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  40. ↑ "Universidad de Colima". Archived frae the original on 10 August 2010.
  41. ↑ "Erección del Estado de Guerrero". Archived frae the original on 17 October 2007. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  42. ↑ "Congreso del Estado Libre y Soberano de Hidalgo". Archived frae the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  43. ↑ "Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México". Archived frae the original on 18 Julie 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  44. ↑ "Gobierno del Estado de Tlaxcala". Archived frae the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  45. ↑ "Gobierno del Estado de Quintana Roo". Archived frae the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  46. ↑ "500 años de México en documentos". Archived frae the original on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  47. ↑ "Portal Gobierno del Estado de Tlaxcala". Archived frae the original on 8 Apryle 2010. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
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