Greater Tokyo Area

The Greater Tokyo Area is a lairge metropolitan area in Kantō region, Japan (includin Tokyo Metropolis an the prefecturs o Kanagawa, Chiba, Saitama, Ibaraki, Tochigi an Gunma) as well as the prefectur o Yamanashi o the neehbourin Chūbu region. In Japanese, it is referred tae bi various terms, includin the Tokyo Area (東京圏, Tōkyō-ken), Naitional Caipital Region (首都圏, Shuto-ken), Ane Metropolis, Three Prefecturs (一都三県, Itto Sanken), an ithers.

Greater Tokyo Area
Frae top: Skyscrapers in Shinjuku, an Surroondin o Ginza
Coordinates: 35°41′23″N 139°41′30″E
Kintra	Japan
Major Ceeties	Tokyo Metropolis (Includit 23 special wairds) Yokohama Kawasaki Sagamihara Saitama Chiba
Area
• Urban	3,925 km2 (1,515 sq mi)
• Metro	13,754 km2 (5,310 sq mi)
Population  (Population Census o Japan 2000)
• Urban	32,542,946
• Urban density	8,817/km2 (21,480/sq mi)
• Metro	34,607,069
• Metro density	2,516/km2 (6,516/sq mi)
GDP	2008 estimate
Nominal	$1.941 trillion (¥165.01 trillion, The One Metropolis and Three Prefectures)
PPP	$1.479 trillion (1st)

A 2016 Unitit Naitions estimate puts the tot population at 38,140,000 makkin it the warld's maist populous metropolitan area. It kivers an area o thareby 13,500 km² (5,200 mi²), givin it a population density o 2,642 person/km² - whilk is some mair nor twice the population density o Bangladesh. It is the seicont lairgest single metropolitan area in the warld in terms o biggit-up or urban function landmass at 7,800 km² (3,000 mi²). Anerlie the New York metropolitan area, at 17,405 km², is lairger.

This area haes the lairgest metropolitan economy in the warld. Ane Metropolis, Three Prefecturs, ane o the definitions o the Greater Tokyo Area, haed a tot GDP (nominal) o approximately US$1.9 trillion (165 trillion Yen) in 2008. Accordin tae research published bi PricewaterhouseCoopers, the agglomeration o Tokyo haed a tot GDP o US$1.479 trillion in 2008 (at purchasin pouer parity), rankin again as the lairgest urban agglomeration GDP in the warld.

Definition

Thare are various different definitions o the Greater Tokyo Area. Ilka airt haes a different population figure an ettles at incorporatin different aspects.

Various definitions o Tokyo/Kantō

Metropolitan area name	Details	Population	Area (km2)	Population Density (Fowk/km2)	Agency	Pop Date	Cairt
Umwhile area o Tokyo Ceety Leemit	23 special wairds	8,949,447	621.9	14,390	Japan Statistics Bureau	2010 Census
Tokyo Metropolis	excludin Izu/Ogasawara Islands	13,047,446	1808	7,216.5	Japan Statistics Bureau	2010 Census
Tokyo Metropolitan Employment Area Tōkyō Dai-toshi Koyō-ken (東京大都市雇用圏)	aw municipalities that hae leastweys 10% o thair population commutin tae 23 special wards Figures for this definition are complex tae update athout a major re-study.	35,303,778	10,403.76	3,348.2	Center for Spatial Information Service, the University o Tokyo	2015
Ane Metropolis, Three Prefecturs (一都三県, Itto Sanken)	Maist Commonly Uised Definition Misses mony mair distant suburbs that lay ootwi the prefectural borders, inspecially in Ibaraki an Gunma Incorporates spairsely settlet landwart destricts lik Nishitama an even islands lik Minamitorishima, 1850 km awa frae central Tokyo	35,623,327	13,555.65	2,627.9	Japan Statistics Bureau	2010 Census
Kantō Major Metropolitan Area (関東大都市圏, Kantō Dai-toshi-ken)	Ane o the twa definitions the Japan Statistics Bureau uises Consists o aw municipalities that hae leastweys 1.5% o thair population a ged 15 an abuin commutin tae a designatit ceety (Yokohama, Kawasaki, Sagamihara, Chiba, an Saitama) or the 23 special wards Afore Saitama became a designatit ceety in 2001, the area wis cried Keihin'yō Major Metropolitan Area (京浜葉大都市圏, Keihin'yō Dai-toshi-ken) Maist locally detailed definition, but haurd tae update athoot major re-study Excludes adjacent metropolitan areas o Gunma, Ibaraki, an Utsunomiya (ja:宇都宮都市圏) which are urbanized but hae some sma touns in atween them an Tokyo.	34.6 million			Japan Statistics Bureau	2000
Tokyo Major Metropolitan Area (東京大都市圏, Tōkyō Dai-toshi-ken)	Set o municipalities that are completely or maistly athin 50 an 70 kilometre o the Tokyo Metropolitan Govrenment Biggins in Shinjuku Suburbs tend tae stend in a finger lik ootwart alang major commuter train routes an density builds alang express stops, no homogenous-lik, sae thir definitions arena the maist accurate definition	30,724,000(50 km) an 34,394,000 (70 km) respectively	-	-	Japan Statistics Bureau	2000
Kantō region	Broad regional definition includes mony rural areas	42,607,376	32,423.9	1,314.1	Japan Statistics Bureau	2010 Census
Naitional Caipital Region	Accordin tae the Naitional Caipital Region Plannin Act Includes mony rural areas Essentially Kantō plus Yamanashi	43,470,148	36,889.28	1,178.4	Japan Statistics Bureau	2010 Census

Internaitional Comparison

Ane Metropolis 3 Prefecturs definition, the tot size is smawer than Los Angeles Coonty, an amaist a third smawer at 13,555.65  km² than the Combined Statistical Area o New York, at 30,671 km². an 21.9 million fowk.

Metropolitan Area definition ambiguities an issues

• The Sooth Kantō region (南関東, Minami Kantō) is a potentially ambiguous term. Informally, it mey mean the Ane Metropolis, Three Prefecturs, or the area athoot Saitama Prefectur. Formally, it mey mean the Sooth Kantō Block, whilk isna the Greater Tokyo Area, but a proportional representation block o the naitional election, comprisin Kanagawa, Chiba, an Yamanashi Prefecturs.
• In informal occasions, the term Naitional Caipital Region (首都圏, Shuto-ken) aften means Greater Tokyo Area. Offeecially, the term refers tae a hintle lairger area, namely the hale Kantō region an Yamanashi Prefecture.
• It should be notit that Tokyo as a metropolis includes some 394 km²
  o islands (Izu Islands an Ogasawara Islands), as weel as some muntainous areas tae the far wast, whilk isna pairt o Greater Tokyo, but hae comparatively vera smaw population.

Ceeties

(populations leetit for those ower 300,000)

Ceeties athin Tokyo

Tokyo is legally classifee'd as a to (都), a wird whilk is translate as "metropolis," an is treatit as ane o the fowerty-seiven prefecturs o Japan. It isna admeenistered as a single ceety.

Special wards o Tokyo

Eastern Tokyo Metropolis

Central Tokyo, situatit in the eastren portion o Tokyo Metropolis, wis ance incorporatit as Tokyo Ceety, whilk wis dismantled durin Warld War II. Its subdiveesions hae been reclassifee'd as special wairds (特別区, tokubetsu-ku). The twinty three special wairds currently hae the legal status o ceeties, wi individual mayors an ceety cooncils, an is cried "ceeties" in Scots. Housomeivver, whan leetin Japan's lairgest ceeties, Tokyo's twinty three wairds are aften coontit as ane ceety. See: Special wairds o Tokyo

Wastren Tokyo Metropolis

Hachiōji

Wastren Tokyo, kent as the Tama Area (Tama-chiiki 多摩地域) comprises a nummer o municipalities, includin thir suburban ceeties:

Akiruno Akishima Chōfu Fuchū Fussa Hachiōji (pop 540,000) Hamura Higashikurume Higashimurayama

Higashiyamato Hino Inagi Kiyose Kodaira Koganei Kokubunji Komae Kunitachi

Machida (pop ower 410,000) Mitaka Musashimurayama Musashino Nishitōkyō Ōme Tachikawa Tama

Ceeties ootside Tokyo

Chiba

Kawasaki

Saitama

Yokohama

The core ceeties o the Greater Tokyo Area ootside Tokyo Metropolis are:

• Chiba (population 940,000)
• Kawasaki (population 1.36 million)
• Saitama (population 1.19 million)
• Yokohama (population 3.62 million)

The ither ceeties in Chiba, Kanagawa an Saitama Prefecturs are:

Abiko Ageo Asahi Asaka Atsugi Ayase Chichibu Chigasaki Chōshi Ebina Fujimi Fujimino Fujisawa (pop 400,000) Fukaya Funabashi (pop 580,000) Futtsu Gyōda Hadano Hannō Hanyū Hasuda Hatogaya Hidaka Higashimatsuyama Hiratsuka Honjō Ichihara Ichikawa (pop. 470,000) Inzai Iruma

Isehara Kamagaya Kamakura Kamogawa Kashiwa (pop 380,000) Kasukabe Katsuura Kawagoe (pop 330,000) Kawaguchi (pop 500,000) Kazo Kimitsu Kisarazu Kitamoto Koshigaya (population 318,000) Kōnosu Kuki Kumagaya Matsudo (pop 480,000) Minamiashigara Misato Miura Mobara Nagareyama Narashino Narita Niiza Noda Odawara Okegawa

Sagamihara (pop 710,000) Sakado Sakura Satte Sawara Sayama Shiki Shiroi Sodegaura Sōka Tateyama Toda Tōgane Tokorozawa (pop 338,000) Tomisato Tsurugashima Urayasu Wakō Warabi Yachimata Yachiyo Yamato Yashio Yōkaichiba Yokosuka (pop 420,000) Yoshikawa Yotsukaidō Zama Zushi

soorce: stat.go.jp census 2005

Addeetional ceeties

In the major metropolitan area (MMA) definition uised bi the Japanese Statistics Bureau, the follaein ceeties in Ibaraki, Tochigi, Gunma, Yamanashi, an Shizuoka Prefecturs are includit:

Gunma Prefectur

• Tatebayashi

Ibaraki Prefectur

Inashiki Ishioka Jōsō Kasumigaura

Koga Moriya Ryūgasaki Toride

Tsuchiura Tsukuba Ushiku

Shizuoka Prefectur

• Atami

Tochigi Prefectur

• Oyama

Yamanashi Prefectur

• Ōtsuki
• Uenohara

Border areas

Tichter definitions for Greater Tokyo dinna include adjacent metropolitan areas o Numazu-Mishima (thareby 450,000) southwastlins, Maebashi-Takasaki-Ōta-Ashikaga (thareby 1,500,000 fowk) norwastlins, an Greater Utsunomiya (ja:宇都宮都市圏) approx. 1,000,000) norlins. Gif thay are included, Greater Tokyo's population wad be aroond 39 million.

Tokyo skyline frae the northwast. The skyscrapers o Shinjuku lie 23 kilometers away on the ither side o ferms, pairks, an suburbia. The trees in the foregrund are the mairch o Tokyo an Saitama.

Geografie

Shinjuku

At the centre o the main urban area (approximately the first 10 km frae Tokyo Station) are the 23 special wards, umwhile treatit as a single ceety but nou govrened as separate municipalities, an containin mony major commercial centres sic as Shinjuku, Shibuya, Ikebukuro an Ginza. Aroond the 23 special wards are a multitude o suburban ceeties whilk merge seamlessly intae ilkanither tae form a continuous biggit up area, circumnavigatit bi the hivy-traivelt Route 16 whilk forms a (broken) luip aboot 40 km frae central Tokyo. Situatit alang the luip are the major ceeties o Yokohama (tae the sooth o Tokyo), Hachiōji (tae the wast), Ōmiya (nou pairt o Saitama Ceety, tae the north), an Chiba (tae the east). Athin the Route 16 luip, the coastline o Tokyo Bay is hivily industrialised, wi the Keihin Industrial Area stretchin frae Tokyo doun tae Yokohama, an the Keiyō Industrial Area frae Tokyo eastwart tae Chiba. Alang the periphery o the main urban area are hantle new suburban hoosin developments lik the Tama New Town. The landscape is relatively flat compared tae maist o Japan, maist o it comprisin law braes.

Ootwi the Route 16 luip the landscape becomes mair landwart. Tae the soothwast is an area kent as Shōnan comprisin various ceeties an touns alang the coast o Sagami Bay, wi thair lang beaches comprisin black volcanic saund, an tae the wast the area is muntainous.

Mony rivers rin throu the area, the major anes bein Arakawa an Tama River.

Economy

Tokyo haes the lairgest ceety economy in the warld an ane o three command centres alang wi New York Ceety an Lunnon.

Greater Tokyo Area 2005

Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building

• 2005 average exchynge rate (1 US Dollar = 110.22 Yen)

Prefecture	Gross Prefecture Product (in billion Yen)	Gross Prefecture Product (in billion US$)
Tokyo	92,269	837
Kanagawa	31,184	282
Saitama	20,650	187
Chiba	19,917	180
Ibaraki	10,955	99
Tochigi	8,195	74
Gunma	7,550	68
Yamanashi	3,206	29
The Ane Metropolis an Three Prefectures	164,020	1,488
Naitional Caipital Region	193,926	1,759

Source

GDP (purchasin pouer parity) 2005

Tokyo Touer

The agglomeration o Tokyo is the warld's lairgest economy, wi the lairgest gross metropolitan product at purchasin pouer parity (PPP) in the warld in 2005 accordin tae a study bi PricewaterhouseCoopers.

Rank	Urban agglomerations	Kintra	GDP(PPP) (in billion US$)
1	Tokyo	Japan	1,191
2	New York Ceety	United States	1,133
3	Los Angeles	United States	639
4	Chicago	United States	460
5	Paris	France	460
6	Lunnon	United Kingdom	452
7	Osaka	Japan	341
8	Mexico Ceety	Mexico	315
9	Philadelphia	United States	312
10	Washington, D.C.	United States	299

Transportation

Narita International Airport

Shuto Expressway on Rainbow Bridge

Main airticle: Transportation in Greater Tokyo

Air

The Greater Tokyo Area haes twa major airports, Tokyo International Airport, commonly kent as Haneda Airport (chiefly domestic) an Narita International Airport (chiefly internaitional). Minor facilities include the Chōfu an Honda Airport. Tokyo Heliport serves helicopter traffeck, includin polis, fire, an news. Various military facilities haundle air traffeck: Naval Air Facility Atsugi (Unitit States Navy an Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force), Hyakuri Airfield (Japan Air Sel-Defense Force), Yokota Air Base (Unitit States Air Force), an Camp Zama (Unitit States Airmy). Hyakuri is bein developit for ceevil aviation wi plans for service that begin in Mairch 2010; it is cried Ibaraki Airport.

Rail

Greater Tokyo haes an extensive railway netwirk comprisin heich-speed rail, commuter rails, subways, monorails, private lines, trams an ithers. Thare aroond 136 individual rail lines in the Greater Tokyo Area, an atween 1,000 tae 1,200 railway stations dependin on ane's definition o the area, maist designed for hivy uise, uisually lang eneuch tae accommodate 10-caur trains. Major stations are designed tae accommodate hunders o thoosans o passengers at ony speceefic time, wi miles o connectin tunnels linkin vast department stores an corporate offices. Tokyo Station haes unnerground connections that streik weel ower 4 kilometer, an Shinjuku Station haes weel ower 200 exits. Greater Tokyo's Railway Network is easy considered the warld's lairgest in terms o baith daily passenger throughput wi a daily trips o ower 40 million (20 million different passengers) as weel as physical extent wi approximately 2,578 kilometer o track. Some 57 percent o aw Greater Tokyo residents uised rail as thair primary means o transport in 2001.

JR East an mony ither carriers crisscross the region wi a network o rail lines. (See this map Archived 2009-04-16 at the Wayback Machine showin the Suica/PASMO acceptin area that roughly corresponds wi Greater Tokyo). The maist important carriers include Keihin Kyūkō Electric Railway (Keikyū), Keisei Electric Railway, Keiō Electric Railway, Odakyū Electric Railway, Seibu Railway, Tōbu Railway, an Tōkyū Corporation. In addition tae Tokyo's twa subway seestems — Tokyo Metro an Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation (Toei an Toden lines), Yokohama operates three lines. The Tokyo Monorail provides service tae Haneda Airport an ither destinations.

Ither

The Shuto Expressway seestem connects ither naitional expressways in the caipital region.

Tokyo an Yokohama are major commercial seaports, an baith the Maritime Self-Defense Force an Unitit States Navy mainteen naval bases at Yokosuka.

Freemit airtins

• Urban Employment Areas in Japan Archived 2007-02-02 at the Wayback Machine (2000)