Yakutsk
Yakutsk (Roushie: Яку́тск; Sakha: Дьокуускай, pronounced [ɟokuːskaj]) is the caipital ceety o the Sakha Republic, Roushie, locatit aboot 450 kilometer (280 mi) sooth o the Arctic Circle. Population:269,486 (2010 Census);[1] 210,642 (2002 Census);[6] 186,626 (1989 Census).[7]
Yakutsk Якутск | |
|---|---|
Ceety unner republic jurisdiction | |
| Ither transcription(s) | |
| • Sakha | Дьокуускай |
.jpg) View of the city from the Geological Institute collections area | |
 Banner  Coat airms | |
Location o Yakutsk  | |
  Yakutsk Location o Yakutsk  Yakutsk Yakutsk (Sakha Republic) | |
| Coordinates: 62°02′N 129°44′E / 62.033°N 129.733°ECoordinates: 62°02′N 129°44′E / 62.033°N 129.733°E | |
| Kintra | Roushie |
| Federal subject | Sakha Republic |
| Foondit | 25 September 1632 |
| Govrenment | |
| • Bodi | Okrug Cooncil |
| • Head | Yury Zabolev |
| Area | |
| • Total | 121.93 km2 (47.08 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 95 m (312 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 269,486 |
| • Estimate (2018)[2] | 311,760 (+15.7%) |
| • Rank | 68t in 2010 |
| • Density | 2,200/km2 (5,700/sq mi) |
| • Subordinatit tae | Yakutsk Ceety o Republic Significance |
| • Caipital o | Sakha Republic |
| • Caipital o | Yakutsk Ceety o Republic Significance |
| • Urban okrug | Yakutsk Urban Okrug |
| • Caipital o | Yakutsk Urban Okrug |
| Time zone | UTC+9 ([3]) |
| Postal code(s)[4] | 677xxx |
| Dialin code(s) | +7 4112[5] |
| Ceety Day | Seicont Sunday o September |
| Twin touns | Fairbanks, Changwon, Harbin, Yellowknife |
| OKTMO ID | 98701000001 |
| Website | www |
Yakutsk is a major port on the Lena River. It is servit bi Yakutsk Airport as well as the smawer Magan Airport. It is a major suppleer o diamonds.
History
eeditYakutsk wis foondit as an ostrog (fort) bi Pyotr Beketov in 1632. In 1639, it became the centre o a voyevodstvo. The voivode o Yakutsk swith became the maist important Roushie offeecial in the region an directit expansion tae the east an sooth. Yakutsk didnae grow intae a ceety till the discovery o muckle reserves o gowd an ither minerals in the 1880s an 1890s. Thir reserves wur developed extensively durin industrialization unner Stalin. The rapid growthe o forcit labor camps in Siberie wis an aw a major factor encouragin Yakutsk's development.
Admeenistrative an municipal status
eeditAs an inhabitit locality, Yakutsk is classifeed as the ceety unner republic jurisdiction. Administratively, alang wi the settlement o Zhatay an fower rural localities, it is incorporatit as Yakutsk Ceety o Republic Significance—an admeenistrative unit wi a status equal tae that o the destricts.
Municipally, Yakutsk an the fower rural localities are incorporatit as Yakutsk Urban Okrug. The settlement o Zhatay is no a pairt o Yakutsk Urban Okrug an is independently incorporatit as Zhatay Urban Okrug.
Transport
eeditYakutsk is a destination o the Lena Heich-gate. The ceety's connection tae the heichgate is anerlie accessible bi ferry in the simmer, or in the deid o winter, directly ower the frozen Lena River, as Yakutsk lees entirely on its wastren bank, an thare is nae brig onywhaur in the Sakha Republic that crosses the Lena. The burn is impassable for lang periods o the year whan it is fou o loose ice, or whan the ice kiver is no sufficiently thick tae support traffeck, or whan the watter level is heich an the river turbulent wi Ware floodin. The heich-gate ends on the eastren bank o Lena in Nizhny Bestyakh (Нижний Бестях), an urban-type settlement o some fower thoosan fowk. Yakutsk is connectit wi Magadan bi the Kolyma Heich-gate.
A dual-uise railwey an roadwey brig ower the Lena is scheduled tae be biggit bi 2013,[8][9] whan the Amur Yakutsk Mainline, the North-Sooth railwey bein extendit frae the Sooth, will feenally connect the ceety wi the East-Wast Baikal Amur Mainline (the railwey haes reached a pynt some 260 km sooth o Yakutsk).
The brig will be ower 3-kilometer (1.9 mi) lang an constructit 40 kilometer (25 mi) upriver at Tabaga, whaur the river narraes an daes no creaut a wide floodit aurie in the Ware. In the deid o winter, the frozen Lena maks for a passable heich-gate for ice truckers uisin its channel tae deliver proveesions tae far-flung ootposts. Yakutsk is an aw connectit tae ither pairts o Roushie bi Yakutsk Airport.
Education
eeditYakutsk State University is situatit in the ceety. Thare is an aw a branch o the Roushie Academy o Sciences, which contains, amang ither things, the Institute o Cosmophysical Research, which runs the Yakutsk Extensive Air Shower installation (ane o the mucklest cosmic-ray detector arrays in the warld), an the Permafrost Research Institute developit wi the aim o solvin the serious an costly problems associatit wi construction o biggins on frozen soil.
At the primary an seicontary levels, the ceety haes a nummer o UNESCO Associated Schools, includin the Sakha-Turkish College, Sakha-French School, Sakha-Korean School, an School #16.[10]
Yakutsk is an aw hame o some theaters an museums sic as Sakha theater an the Mammoth Museum.
Economy
eeditMony minin companies hae offices in Yakutsk includin ALROSA, whose diamond mines in Yakutie accoont for aboot 20% o the warld's rough diamond ootput.
The airline Yakutia Airlines haes its heid office in the ceety.[11]
Climate
eeditWi an extreme subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfd), Yakutsk haes the cauldest winter temperaturs for ony ceety, tho no for ony inhabitit place, on Yird. Average monthly temperaturs range frae +19 °C (66 °F) in Julie tae −40 °C (−40 °F) in Januar, an anerlie Norilsk haes a lawer mean annual temperatur for ony settlement o ower 10,000. The cauldest temperaturs iver recordit on the planet ootside Antarcticae occurred in the basin o the Yana River tae the northeast o Yakutsk. Tho winters are lang an extremely cauld, simmers are warm (tho rather short), wi daily maximum temperaturs occasionally exceedin +32 °C (90 °F), makkin the saisonal temperatur differences for the region amang the greatest in the warld. As the mucklest ceety biggit on continuous permafrost, maist hooses in Yakutsk are biggit on concrete piles.
The climate is fair dry, wi maximum precipitation occurrin in the simmer months, the intense Siberie Heich formin aroond the vera cauld continental air durin the winter. Even durin the simmer, precipitation isnae hivy syne the moist sootheasterly winds frae the Paceefic Ocean lose thair moistur ower the coastal muntains weel afore reachin the Lena valley.
Wi the Lena River navigable in the simmer, thare various boat cruises affered, includin up the burn tae the Lena Pillars, an dounriver tours that veesit spectacular scenery in the lawer reaches an the Lena delta.
| Climate data for Yakutsk | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record heich °C (°F) | −10.8 (12.6) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
8.3 (46.9) |
21.1 (70.0) |
31.1 (88.0) |
35.1 (95.2) |
38.4 (101.1) |
35.4 (95.7) |
27.0 (80.6) |
20.5 (68.9) |
3.1 (37.6) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
38.4 (101.1) |
| Average heich °C (°F) | −36.1 (−33.0) |
−29.1 (−20.4) |
−13.2 (8.2) |
1.2 (34.2) |
13.2 (55.8) |
22.1 (71.8) |
25.1 (77.2) |
21.3 (70.3) |
11.4 (52.5) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
−24.4 (−11.9) |
−34.5 (−30.1) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −39.5 (−39.1) |
−34.2 (−29.6) |
−21.1 (−6.0) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
7.0 (44.6) |
15.5 (59.9) |
18.6 (65.5) |
14.9 (58.8) |
6.0 (42.8) |
−8.4 (16.9) |
−28.7 (−19.7) |
−37.9 (−36.2) |
−9.5 (14.9) |
| Average law °C (°F) | −42.8 (−45.0) |
−39.2 (−38.6) |
−28.9 (−20.0) |
−12.5 (9.5) |
0.7 (33.3) |
8.8 (47.8) |
12.0 (53.6) |
8.5 (47.3) |
0.6 (33.1) |
−13 (9) |
−33 (−27) |
−41.3 (−42.3) |
−15 (5) |
| Record law °C (°F) | −63 (−81) |
−64.4 (−83.9) |
−54.9 (−66.8) |
−41 (−42) |
−18.1 (−0.6) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
−14.2 (6.4) |
−40.9 (−41.6) |
−54.5 (−66.1) |
−59.8 (−75.6) |
−64.4 (−83.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 9 (0.4) |
8 (0.3) |
6 (0.2) |
9 (0.4) |
17 (0.7) |
39 (1.5) |
39 (1.5) |
35 (1.4) |
31 (1.2) |
18 (0.7) |
15 (0.6) |
12 (0.5) |
238 (9.4) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.9 | 3.8 | 7.3 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 5.3 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 4.1 | 53.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 75 | 75 | 70 | 61 | 54 | 57 | 61 | 67 | 71 | 77 | 77 | 75 | 68 |
| Mean monthly sunshine oors | 18.6 | 98.0 | 232.5 | 273.0 | 303.8 | 333.0 | 347.2 | 272.8 | 174.0 | 105.4 | 60.0 | 9.3 | 2,227.6 |
| Source #1: Pogoda.ru.net[12] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: HKO | |||||||||||||
Internaitional relations
eeditTwin towns an sister ceeties
eeditYakutsk is twinned wi:
Yakutsk images
eedit-
Oyuunsky Square. The new building o the Sakha Theater is on the left. -
The Lena River in Yakutsk -
The touer o ostrog, or fort, in Yakutsk wis biggit in 1683 -
Kulakovsky Street at nicht. On the left, the varsity's Sciences Building.
.jpg)
References
eedit- ↑ a b Roushie Federal State Stateestics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 Aw-Roushie Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 Aw-Roushie Population Census] (in Roushie). Federal State Stateestics Service.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Roushie Federal State Stateestics Service. Retrieved 23 Januar 2019.
- ↑ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Roushie). 3 Juin 2011. Retrieved 19 Januar 2019.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Roushie)
- ↑ "(in Russian). Retrieved 2010-11-10". Archived frae the original on 25 Februar 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2011.
- ↑ Roushie Federal State Stateestics Service (21 Mey 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population o Roushie, Its Federal Destricts, Federal Subjects, Destricts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Admeenistrative Centres, an Rural Localities wi Population o Ower 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [Aw-Roushie Population Census o 2002] (in Roushie).CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [Aw Union Population Census o 1989: Present Population o Union an Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts an Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Destricts, Urban Settlements, an Veelages Servin as Destrict Admeenistrative Centres]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [Aw-Union Population Census o 1989] (in Roushie). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute o Demografie at the Naitional Resairch Varsity: Heicher Schuil o Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ "In 2009 construction of the Bridge through Lena River will begin" Archived 2011-10-06 at the Wayback Machine, Republic of Sakha Information Portal, 29 March 2007, reprint of an article by Aleksey Dmitriev in the newspaper “Yakutia”. Link accessed 2008-01-13. (in Inglis) (in Roushie)
- ↑ Russia Basel's wins tender to build Yakutia railroad Reuters, Thu Nov 6, 2008
- ↑ Nikolaev, Michael E. (7 Januar 2007). "The Most Valuable Possession of a Society is Education". Yakutia Today. Archived frae the original on 9 August 2009. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
- ↑ "About Us Archived 2010-10-04 at the Wayback Machine." Yakutia Airlines. Retrieved on July 18, 2010. "JSC "Air Company Yakutia" Address: 9, Bykovsky st., Yakutsk, Russia, 677014." Russian address: "Contact Us Archived 2010-10-04 at the Wayback Machine." "ОАО «Авиакомпания «Якутия» Адрес: Республика Саха (Якутия), 677014, г. Якутск, ул. Быковского, 9"
- ↑ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). Retrieved 8 September 2007.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
External links
eedit| Wikimedia Commons haes media relatit tae Yakutsk. |
- Sakha life
- Yakutsk State University
- Lena Pillars Archived 2008-07-02 at the Wayback Machine at Natural Heritage Protection Fund
- Yakutsk past and present Archived 2008-04-11 at the Wayback Machine: a photo gallery at the Ministry o Construction o the Sakha Republic wabsteid (in Roushie)
- Yakutsk at AskYakutia.com
- Yakutsk at eYakutia - English Yakutia Archived 2011-12-12 at the Wayback Machine
- Flickr photos tagged Yakutsk