Joseph Stalin
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Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1879 – 5 Mairch 1953) wis a Soviet politeecian an heid o state who servit as the first General Secretar o the Communist Pairty o the Soviet Union's Central Committee frae 1922 till his daith in 1953. Efter the daith o Vladimir Lenin in 1924, Stalin rase tae acome the leader o the Soviet Union, which he ruled as a dictator.
Joseph Stalin | |
|---|---|
 Stalin in 1937 | |
| General secretar o the Central Committee o the Communist Pairty o the Soviet Union | |
| In office 3 Apryle 1922 – 16 October 1952 | |
| Precedit bi | Vyacheslav Molotov (as Responsible Secretar) |
| Succeedit bi | Nikita Khrushchev (office reestablished) |
| Chairman o the Cooncil o Meenisters | |
| In office 6 Mey 1941 – 5 Mairch 1953 | |
| First Deputies | Nikolai Voznesensky Vyacheslav Molotov |
| Precedit bi | Vyacheslav Molotov |
| Succeedit bi | Georgy Malenkov |
| Fowkcommissar for Defence o the Soviet Union | |
| In office 19 Julie 1941 – 25 Februar 1946 | |
| Premier | Hissel |
| Precedit bi | Semyon Timoshenko |
| Succeedit bi | Nikolai Bulganin after vacancy |
| Member o the Secretariat | |
| In office 3 April 1922 – 5 March 1953 | |
| Full member o the Presidium | |
| In office 25 Mairch 1919 – 5 Mairch 1953 | |
| Member of the Orgburo | |
| In office 16 Januar 1919 – 5 Mairch 1953 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 18 December 1878 Gori, Tiflis Govrenorate, Roushie Empire |
| Dee'd | 5 Mairch 1953 (aged 74) Kuntsevo Dacha, Kuntsevo, Roushie SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Restin place | Lenin's Mausoleum, Moscow, Roushie SFSR, Soviet Union (9 Mairch 1953 – 31 October 1961) Kremlin Waw Necropolis, Moscow, Roushie (frae 31 October 1961) |
| Naitionality | Georgie |
| Poleetical pairty | Communist Pairty o the Soviet Union |
| Spoose(s) | Ekaterina Svanidze (1906–1907) Nadezhda Alliluyeva (1919–1932) |
| Bairns | Yakov Dzhugashvili, Vasily Dzhugashvili, Svetlana Alliluyeva |
| Religion | Nane (atheist), umwhile Georgie Orthodox |
| Awairds |                  |
| Signatur |  |
| Militar service | |
| Eikname(s) | Koba |
| Allegiance |  Soviet Union |
| Service/brainch | Soviet Airmit Forces |
| Years o service | 1943–1953 |
| Rank | Mairshal o the Soviet Union (1943–1945) Generalissimus o the Soviet Union (1945–1953) |
| Commands | Aw (supreme commander) |
| Battles/wars | Warld War II |
Stalin launcht a command economy, replacin the New Economic Policy o the 1920s wi Five-Year Plans an launchin a period o rapid industrialization an economic collectivization. The upheaval in the agricultural sector disruptit fuid production, resultin in widespread faimin, includin the catastrophic Soviet faimin o 1932–1933 (kent in Ukraine as the Holodomor).[1]
Durin the late 1930s, Stalin launcht the Great Purge (cried the "Great Terror" an aa), a campaign tae purge the Communist Pairty o fowk accuised o sabotage, terrorism, or treachery; he extendit it tae the military an ither sectors o Soviet society. In practice, the purges wur indiscriminate. Targets wur aften executit, impreesoned in Gulag labor camps or exiled. In the years which follaed, millions o members o ethnic minorities wur deportit an aw.[2][3]
In 1939 Stalin entered intae a non-aggression pact wi Nazi Germany, follaed bi the Soviet invasion o Poland, Finland, the Baltics, Bessarabie an northren Bukovinae. Efter Germany violatit the pact in 1941, the Soviet Union jynt the Allies tae play an important role in the Axis defeat, at the cost o the lairgest daith toll for ony kintra in the war (maistly due tae the mass daiths o civilians in territories occupeed bi Germany). Efter the war, Stalin instawed subservient communist govrenments in maist kintras in Eastren Europe, formin the Eastren bloc, ahint wha wis referred tae as an "Airn Curtain" o Soviet rule durin the Cauld War.
Stalin fostered a cult o personality aroond hissel, but efter his daith, his successor, Nikita Khrushchev, denoonced his legacy an drove the process o de-Stalinization o the Soviet Union.[4]
References
eedit- ↑ Findings of the Commission on the Ukraine Famine Archived 2011-06-04 at the Wayback Machine, Famine Genocide, 19 April 1988; Statement by Pope John Paul II on the 70th anniversary of the Famine Archived 2007-06-30 at the Wayback Machine, Skrobach; [https://web.archive.org/web/20080615023457/http://www.artukraine.com/famineart/uscongr4.htm Archived 2008-06-15 at the Wayback Machine Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives regarding the man-made famine that occurred in Ukraine in 1932–1933, US House of Representatives, 21 October 2003; Bilinsky, Yaroslav doi=10.1080/14623529908413948 Archived 2008-06-15 at the Wayback Machine Was the Ukrainian Famine of 1932–1933 Genocide?, Journal of Genocide Research, 1999, Vol. 1.1, Issue 2, pp. 147–156.
- ↑ Boobbyer 2000, p. 130
- ↑ Pohl, Otto, Ethnic Cleansing in the USSR, 1937–1949, ISBN 0-313-30921-3
- ↑ "Cult of Personality". Answers .com.
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