Template:Infobox gadolinium

Gadolinium, ₆₄Gd

Gadolinium
Pronunciation	/ˌɡædəˈlɪniəm/ ​(GAD-ə-LIN-ee-əm)
Appearance	sillery white
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Gd)	7002157250000000000♠157.25(3)
Gadolinium in the periodic cairt
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Airn Cobalt Nickel Capper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Siller (element) Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gowd Mercur (element) Thallium Leid (element) Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium - ↑ Gd ↓ Cm europium ← gadolinium → terbium
Atomic nummer (Z)	64
Group	group n/a
Period	period 6
Block	f-block
Element category	Lanthanide
Electron confeeguration	[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2
Pheesical properties
Phase at STP	solit
Meltin pynt	1585 K ​(1312 °C, ​2394 °F)
Bylin pynt	3546 K ​(3273 °C, ​5923 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	7.90 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	7.4 g/cm3
Heat o fusion	10.05 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation	301.3 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	37.03 J/(mol·K)
Vapour pressur (calculated) P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1836 2028 2267 2573 2976 3535
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	0, +1, +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.20
Atomic radius	empirical: 180 pm
Covalent radius	196±6 pm
Colour lines in a spectral range Spectral lines o gadolinium
Ither properties
Naitural occurrence	primordial
Creestal structur	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Speed o soond thin rod	2680 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	(100 °C, α, poly) 9.4 µm/(m·K)
Thermal conductivity	10.6 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	(r.t.) (α, poly) 1.310 µ Ω·m
Magnetic orderin	ferromagnetic/paramagnetic transeetion at 293.4 K
Young's modulus	(α form) 54.8 GPa
Shear modulus	(α form) 21.8 GPa
Bulk modulus	(α form) 37.9 GPa
Poisson ratio	(α form) 0.259
Vickers haurdness	570 MPa
CAS Nummer	7440-54-2
History
Diskivery	Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (1880)
First isolation	Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1886)
Main isotopes o gadolinium
Iso­tope Abun­dance Hauf-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 152Gd 0.20% 1.08×1014 y α 148Sm 154Gd 2.18% - (α) 150Sm 155Gd 14.80% - (α) 151Sm 156Gd 20.47% - (SF) 157Gd 15.65% - (SF) 158Gd 24.84% - (SF) 160Gd 21.86% >1.3×1021 y (β−β−) 160Dy
Decay modes in parentheses are predictit, but hae nae yet been observed

style="text-align:left"| data m.p. cat
	in	calc from C	diff	report	ref
C	1312	—	—
K	1585	1585	0
F	2394	2394	0
WD	!
input	C: 1312, K: 1585, F: 2394
comment

style="text-align:left"| data b.p. cat
	in	calc from C	diff	report	ref
C	3273	—	—
K	3546	3546	0
F	5923	5923	0
WD	!
input	C: 3273, K: 3546, F: 5923
comment

References

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