Tungsten

chemical element wi the atomic nummer o 74

Tungsten, kent as wolfram an aa, is a chemical element wi the chemical seembol W an atomic nummer 74. The wird tungsten comes frae the Swadish leid tung sten directly translatable tae hivy stane,[5] tho the name is volfram in Swadish fur tae distinguish it frae Scheelite, at in Swadish is alternatively named tungsten.

Tungsten, 74W
Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-top-image/alt
Tungsten
Pronunciation/ˈtʌŋstən/ (TUNG-stən)
Appearanceriach, lustrous
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(W)183.84(1)[1]
Tungsten in the periodic cairt
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Airn Cobalt Nickel Capper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Siller (element) Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gowd Mercur (element) Thallium Leid (element) Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium
Mo

W

Sg
tantalumtungstenrhenium
Atomic nummer (Z)74
Groupgroup 6
Periodperiod 6
Blockd-block
Element category  Transeetion metal
Electron confeeguration[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2[2]
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
Pheesical properties
Phase at STPsolit
Meltin pynt3695 K ​(3422 °C, ​6192 °F)
Bylin pynt5828 K ​(5555 °C, ​10031 °F)
Density (near r.t.)19.25 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)17.6 g/cm3
Creetical pynt13892 K,  MPa
Heat o fusion35.3 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation806.7 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity24.27 J/(mol·K)
Vapour pressur
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 3477 3773 4137 4579 5127 5823
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly acidic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.36
Atomic radiusempirical: 139 pm
Covalent radius162±7 pm
Colour lines in a spectral range
Colour lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines o tungsten
Ither properties
Naitural occurrenceprimordial
Creestal structurbody-centred cubic (bcc)
Body-centered cubic creestal structur for tungsten
Speed o soond thin rod(annealed) 4620 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion4.5 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity173 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity52.8 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderinparamagnetic[3]
Young's modulus411 GPa
Shear modulus161 GPa
Bulk modulus310 GPa
Poisson ratio0.28
Mohs haurdness7.5
Vickers haurdness3430 MPa
Brinell haurdness2570 MPa
CAS Nummer7440-33-7
History
DiskiveryTorbern Bergman (1781)
First isolationJuan José Elhuyar an Fausto Elhuyar (1783)
Main isotopes o tungsten
Iso­tope Abun­dance Hauf-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
180W 0.12% 1.8×1018 y α 176Hf
181W syn 121.2 d ε 181Ta
182W 26.50% >1.7×1020 y (α) 178Hf
183W 14.31% >8×1019 y (α) 179Hf
184W 30.64% >1.8×1020 y (α) 180Hf
185W syn 75.1 d β 185Re
186W 28.43% >4.1×1018 y (α) 182Hf
(ββ) 186Os
Decay modes in parentheses are predictit, but hae nae yet been observed
| references

References

eedit
  1. Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
  2. Berger, Dan. "Why does Tungsten not 'Kick' up an electron from the s sublevel ?". Bluffton College, USA.
  3. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.
  4. "Why does Tungsten not 'Kick' up an electron from the s sublevel ?". Retrieved 15 Juin 2008.
  5. "Tungsten". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public leebrar membership required.)