Samarium

Samarium is a chemical element wi seembol Sm an atomic nummer 62. It is a moderately haird sillery metal that readily oxidizes in air. Bein a teepical member o the lanthanide series, samarium uisually assumes the oxidation state +3. Compoonds o samarium(II) are an aa kent, maist notably the monoxide SmO, monochalcogenides SmS, SmSe an SmTe, as well as samarium(II) iodide. The last compoond is a common reducin agent in chemical synthesis. Samarium haes na signeeficant biological role an is anly slichtly toxic.

Samarium,  ₆₂Sm

General properties
Appearance	sillery white
Staundart atomic wecht (Ar, staundart)	7002150360000000000♠150.36(2)
Samarium in the periodic cairt
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Airn Cobalt Nickel Capper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Siller (element) Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gowd Mercur (element) Thallium Leid (element) Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium - ↑ Sm ↓ Pu promethium ← samarium → europium
Atomic nummer (Z)	62
Group	group n/a
Period	period 6
Element category	lanthanide
Block	f-block
Electron confeeguration	[Xe] 6s2 4f6
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2
Pheesical properties
Phase (at STP)	solit
Meltin pynt	1345 K ​(1072 °C, ​1962 °F)
Bylin pynt	2067 K ​(1794 °C, ​3261 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	7.52 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	7.16 g/cm3
Heat o fusion	8.62 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation	165 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	29.54 J/(mol·K)
Vapour pressur P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1001 1106 1240 (1421) (1675) (2061)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	4, 3, 2, 1 (mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.17
Atomic radius	empirical: 180 pm
Covalent radius	198±8 pm
Spectral lines o Samarium
Miscellanea
Creestal structur	​rhombohedral
Speed o soond thin rod	2130 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	(r.t.) (α, poly) 12.7 µm/(m·K)
Thermal conductivity	13.3 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	(r.t.) (α, poly) 0.940 µ Ω·m
Magnetic orderin	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	(α form) 49.7 GPa
Shear modulus	(α form) 19.5 GPa
Bouk modulus	(α form) 37.8 GPa
Poisson ratio	(α form) 0.274
Vickers haurdness	412 MPa
Brinell haurdness	441 MPa
CAS Nummer	7440-19-9
History
Diskivery	Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1879)
First isolation	Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1879)
Main isotopes o samarium
Iso­tope Abun­dance Hauf-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 144Sm 3.07% - (β+β+) 144Nd (α) 140Nd 145Sm syn 340 d ε 145Pm 146Sm trace 1.03×108 y α 142Nd 147Sm 14.99% 1.06×1011 y α 143Nd 148Sm 11.24% 7×1015 y α 144Nd 149Sm 13.82% >2×1015 y (α) 145Nd 150Sm 7.38% - (α) 146Nd 151Sm syn 90 y β− 151Eu 152Sm 26.75% - (α) 148Nd 153Sm syn 46.284 h β− 153Eu 154Sm 22.75% >2.3×1018 y (β−β−) 154Gd
Decay modes in parentheses are predictit, but hae nae yet been observed