Rutherfordium

Rutherfordium, ₁₀₄Rf
Rutherfordium
Pronunciation	i/ˌrʌðərˈfɔːrdiəm/ (RUDH-ər-FOR-dee-əm)
Mass number	Rf: [267]
Rutherfordium in the periodic cairt
	lawrencium ← rutherfordium → dubnium
Atomic nummer (Z)	104
Group	group 4
Period	period 7
Block	d-block
Element category	Transeetion metal
Electron confeeguration	[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2
Pheesical properties
Phase at STP	solit (predictit)
Meltin pynt	2400 K (2100 °C, 3800 °F) (predictit)
Bylin pynt	5800 K (5500 °C, 9900 °F) (predictit)
Density (near r.t.)	23.2 g/cm3 (predictit)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	(+2), (+3), +4 (Template:Engvar: prediction)
Ionisation energies	1st: 579.9 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1389.4 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2296.4 kJ/mol ; (more) (all estimated);
Atomic radius	empirical: 150 pm (estimatit)
Covalent radius	157 pm (estimatit)
Ither properties
Naitural occurrence	Rf: Synthetic
Creestal structur	hexagonal close-packed (hcp) ; (predicted)
CAS Nummer	53850-36-5
History
Namin	after Ernest Rutherford
Diskivery	Jynt Institute for Nuclear Research (1964)
Main isotopes o rutherfordium
<15% ε	261Lr
<10% SF
~30% α	259No
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Rutherfordium is a chemical element wi symbol Rf an atomic nummer 104, named tae gie mense tae physicist Ernest Rutherford.

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↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 "Rutherfordium". Royal Chemical Society. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 ^2.7 ^2.8 ^2.9 Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 Chemical Data. Rutherfordium - Rf, Royal Chemical Society
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Fricke, Burkhard (1975). "Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. 21: 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
↑ Östlin, A.; Vitos, L. (2011). "First-principles calculation of the structural stability of 6d transition metals". Physical Review B. 84 (11). Bibcode:2011PhRvB..84k3104O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.84.113104.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Sonzogni, Alejandro. "Interactive Chart of Nuclides". National Nuclear Data Center: Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved 6 Juin 2008.
↑ Ellison, P.; Gregorich, K.; Berryman, J.; Bleuel, D.; Clark, R.; Dragojević, I.; Dvorak, J.; Fallon, P.; et al. (2010). "New Superheavy Element Isotopes: ²⁴²Pu(⁴⁸Ca,5n)²⁸⁵114". Physical Review Letters. 105 (18): 182701. Bibcode:2010PhRvL.105r2701E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.182701. PMID 21231101. Cite uses deprecated parameter |displayauthors= (help)
↑ http://cyclotron.tamu.edu/she2015/assets/pdfs/presentations/Utyonkov_SHE_2015_TAMU.pdf
↑ Utyonkov, V. K.; Brewer, N. T.; Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Rykaczewski, K. P.; Abdullin, F. Sh.; Dmitriev, S. N.; Grzywacz, R. K.; Itkis, M. G.; Miernik, K.; Polyakov, A. N.; Roberto, J. B.; Sagaidak, R. N.; Shirokovsky, I. V.; Shumeiko, M. V.; Tsyganov, Yu. S.; Voinov, A. A.; Subbotin, V. G.; Sukhov, A. M.; Sabel'nikov, A. V.; Vostokin, G. K.; Hamilton, J. H.; Stoyer, M. A.; Strauss, S. Y. (15 September 2015). "Experiments on the synthesis of superheavy nuclei ²⁸⁴Fl and ²⁸⁵Fl in the ^239,240Pu + ⁴⁸Ca reactions". Physical Review C. 92 (3). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.92.034609.

[rsc-Rf-1] 1.0 ^1.1 "Rutherfordium". Royal Chemical Society. Retrieved 21 September 2019.

[Haire-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 ^2.7 ^2.8 ^2.9 Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1.

[rsc-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 Chemical Data. Rutherfordium - Rf, Royal Chemical Society

[BFricke-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Fricke, Burkhard (1975). "Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. 21: 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498. Retrieved 4 October 2013.

[hcp-5] Östlin, A.; Vitos, L. (2011). "First-principles calculation of the structural stability of 6d transition metals". Physical Review B. 84 (11). Bibcode:2011PhRvB..84k3104O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.84.113104.

[nuclidetable-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Sonzogni, Alejandro. "Interactive Chart of Nuclides". National Nuclear Data Center: Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved 6 Juin 2008.

[10El-7] Ellison, P.; Gregorich, K.; Berryman, J.; Bleuel, D.; Clark, R.; Dragojević, I.; Dvorak, J.; Fallon, P.; et al. (2010). "New Superheavy Element Isotopes: ²⁴²Pu(⁴⁸Ca,5n)²⁸⁵114". Physical Review Letters. 105 (18): 182701. Bibcode:2010PhRvL.105r2701E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.182701. PMID 21231101. Cite uses deprecated parameter |displayauthors= (help)

[Utyonkov-8] ttp://cyclotron.tamu.edu/she2015/assets/pdfs/presentations/Utyonkov_SHE_2015_TAMU.pdf

[284Fl-9] Utyonkov, V. K.; Brewer, N. T.; Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Rykaczewski, K. P.; Abdullin, F. Sh.; Dmitriev, S. N.; Grzywacz, R. K.; Itkis, M. G.; Miernik, K.; Polyakov, A. N.; Roberto, J. B.; Sagaidak, R. N.; Shirokovsky, I. V.; Shumeiko, M. V.; Tsyganov, Yu. S.; Voinov, A. A.; Subbotin, V. G.; Sukhov, A. M.; Sabel'nikov, A. V.; Vostokin, G. K.; Hamilton, J. H.; Stoyer, M. A.; Strauss, S. Y. (15 September 2015). "Experiments on the synthesis of superheavy nuclei ²⁸⁴Fl and ²⁸⁵Fl in the ^239,240Pu + ⁴⁸Ca reactions". Physical Review C. 92 (3). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.92.034609.

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