Antimony is a chemical element wi symbol Sb (frae Laitin: stibium) an atomic nummer 51. A lustrous gray metalloid, it is fand in naitur mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compoonds hae been kent syne auncient times an wis uised for cosmetics; metallic antimony wis kent an aa, but it wis erroneously identified as leid. It wis established tae be an element aroond the 17t century.

Antimony, 51Sb
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Antimony
Pronunciation
Appearancesillery lustrous gray
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Sb)121.760(1)[1]
Antimony in the periodic cairt
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Airn Cobalt Nickel Capper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Siller (element) Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gowd Mercur (element) Thallium Leid (element) Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium
As

Sb

Bi
tinantimonytellurium
Atomic nummer (Z)51
Groupgroup 15 (pnictogens)
Periodperiod 5
Blockp-block
Element category  Metalloid
Electron confeeguration[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 18, 5
Pheesical properties
Phase at STPsolit
Meltin pynt903.78 K ​(630.63 °C, ​1167.13 °F)
Bylin pynt1860 K ​(1587 °C, ​2889 °F)
Density (near r.t.)6.697 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)6.53 g/cm3
Heat o fusion19.79 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation193.43 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity25.23 J/(mol·K)
Vapour pressur
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 807 876 1011 1219 1491 1858
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−3, −2, −1, 0,[2] +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.05
Ionisation energies
Atomic radiusempirical: 140 pm
Covalent radius139±5 pm
Van der Waals radius206 pm
Colour lines in a spectral range
Colour lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines o antimony
Ither properties
Naitural occurrenceprimordial
Creestal structurtrigonal
Simple trigonal creestal structur for antimony
Speed o soond thin rod3420 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion11 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity24.4 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity417 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderindiamagnetic[3]
Young's modulus55 GPa
Shear modulus20 GPa
Bulk modulus42 GPa
Mohs haurdness3.0
Brinell haurdness294 MPa
CAS Nummer7440-36-0
History
Diskivery3000 BC
First isolationVannoccio Biringuccio (1540)
Main isotopes o antimony
Iso­tope Abun­dance Hauf-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
121Sb 57.36% - (SF)
123Sb 42.64% - (SF)
125Sb syn 2.7582 y β 125Te
Decay modes in parentheses are predictit, but hae nae yet been observed
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References

eedit
  1. Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
  2. Anastas Sidiropoulos. "Studies of N-heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complexes of the Main Group Elements" (PDF). p. 39.
  3. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.