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Bismuth |
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Pronunciation | (BIZ-məth) |
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Appearance | lustrous brownish silver |
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Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Bi) | 7002208980400000000♠208.98040(1)[1] |
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Bismuth in the periodic cairt |
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Atomic nummer (Z) | 83 |
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Group | group 15 (pnictogens) |
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Period | period 6 |
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Block | p-block |
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Element category | Post-transeetion metal |
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Electron confeeguration | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 |
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Pheesical properties |
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Phase at STP | solid |
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Meltin pynt | 544.7 K (271.5 °C, 520.7 °F) |
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Bylin pynt | 1837 K (1564 °C, 2847 °F) |
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Density (near r.t.) | 9.78 g/cm3 |
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when liquid (at m.p.) | 10.05 g/cm3 |
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Heat o fusion | 11.30 kJ/mol |
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Heat o vapourisation | 179 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | 25.52 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapour pressur
P (Pa)
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1
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10
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100
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1 k
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10 k
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100 k
|
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at T (K)
|
941
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1041
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1165
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1325
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1538
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1835
|
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Atomic properties |
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Oxidation states | −3, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 2.02 |
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Ionisation energies | - 1st: 703 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1610 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 2466 kJ/mol
- (more)
|
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Atomic radius | empirical: 156 pm |
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Covalent radius | 148±4 pm |
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Van der Waals radius | 207 pm |
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Spectral lines o bismuth |
Ither properties |
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Naitural occurrence | primordial |
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Creestal structur | rhombohedral[2] |
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Speed o soond thin rod | 1790 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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Thermal expansion | 13.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
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Thermal conductivity | 7.97 W/(m·K) |
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Electrical resistivity | 1.29 µΩ·m (at 20 °C) |
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Magnetic orderin | diamagnetic |
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Magnetic susceptibility | −280.1·10−6 cm3/mol[3] |
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Young's modulus | 32 GPa |
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Shear modulus | 12 GPa |
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Bulk modulus | 31 GPa |
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Poisson ratio | 0.33 |
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Mohs haurdness | 2.25 |
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Brinell haurdness | 70–95 MPa |
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CAS Nummer | 7440-69-9 |
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History |
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Diskivery | Claude François Geoffroy (1753) |
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Main isotopes o bismuth |
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| references |