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Template:Infobox carbon

Carbon, 6C
Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-top-image/alt
Graphite (left) an diamont (richt), twa allotropes o caurbon
Carbon
Appearanceclear (diamond) & black (graphite)
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(C)[12.0096, 12.0116] conventional: 12.011
Carbon in the periodic cairt
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Airn Cobalt Nickel Capper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Siller (element) Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gowd Mercur (element) Thallium Leid (element) Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium
-
↑
C
↓
Si
boron ← carbon → nitrogen
Atomic nummer (Z)6
Groupgroup 14 (caurbon group)
Periodperiod 2
Blockp-block
Element category  Reactive nonmetal
Electron confeeguration[He] 2s2 2p2
Electrons per shell2, 4
Pheesical properties
Phase at STPsolit
Sublimation pynt3915 K ​(3642 °C, ​6588 °F)
Density (near r.t.)amorphous:[1] 1.8–2.1 g/cm3
diamond: 3.515 g/cm3
graphite: 2.267 g/cm3
Treeple pynt4600 K, ​10800[2][3] kPa
Heat o fusion117 (graphite) kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity6.155 (diamond)
8.517 (graphite) J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1,[4] +2, +3,[5] +4[6] (a mildly acidic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.55
Ionisation energies
Covalent radius77(sp³), 73(sp²), 69(sp) pm
Van der Waals radius170 pm
Colour lines in a spectral range
Colour lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines o carbon
Ither properties
Naitural occurrenceprimordial
Creestal structur ​diamond cubic
Diamond creestal structur for carbon

(diamond, clear)
Speed o soond thin rod18350 (diamond) m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion0.8 (diamond)[7] µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity900-2300 (diamond)
119-165 (graphite) W/(m·K)
Magnetic orderindiamagnetic[8]
Young's modulus1050 (diamond)[7] GPa
Shear modulus478 (diamond)[7] GPa
Bulk modulus442 (diamond)[7] GPa
Poisson ratio0.1 (diamond)[7]
Mohs haurdness10 (diamond)
1-2 (graphite)
CAS Nummer7440-44-0
History
DiskiveryEgyptians an Sumerians[9] (3750 BC)
Recognized as an element biAntoine Lavoisier[10] (1789)
Main isotopes o carbon
Iso­tope Abun­dance Hauf-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
11C syn 20 min β+ 11B
12C 98.9% stable
13C 1.1% stable
14C trace 5730 y β− 14N
| references

Check temperaturs C: na inpit for C, K, F.

Check temperaturs C: na inpit for C, K, F.

References

Thir references will appear in the airticle, but this list appears anerly on this page.
  1. ↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  2. ↑ Haaland, D (1976). "Graphite-liquid-vapor triple point pressure and the density of liquid carbon". Carbon. 14 (6): 357. doi:10.1016/0008-6223(76)90010-5.
  3. ↑ Savvatimskiy, A (2005). "Measurements of the melting point of graphite and the properties of liquid carbon (a review for 1963–2003)". Carbon. 43 (6): 1115. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.027.
  4. ↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Retrieved 6 December 2007.
  5. ↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Retrieved 6 December 2007.
  6. ↑ "Carbon: Binary compounds". Retrieved 6 December 2007.
  7. ↑ a b c d e Properties of diamond, Ioffe Institute Database
  8. ↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.
  9. ↑ "History of Carbon and Carbon Materials - Center for Applied Energy Research - University of Kentucky". Caer.uky.edu. Retrieved 12 September 2008.
  10. ↑ Senese, Fred (200-09-09). "Who discovered carbon?". Frostburg State University. Retrieved 2007-11-24. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  11. ↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Retrieved 6 December 2007.
  12. ↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Retrieved 6 December 2007.
  13. ↑ "Carbon: Binary compounds". Retrieved 6 December 2007.


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