Gallium, 31Ga |
| Gallium |
|---|
| Pronunciation | (GAL-ee-əm) |
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| Appearance | silver-white |
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| Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Ga) | 7001697230000000000♠69.723(1)[1] |
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| Gallium in the periodic cairt |
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|
|
| Atomic nummer (Z) | 31 |
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| Group | group 13 (boron group) |
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| Period | period 4 |
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| Block | p-block |
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| Element category | Post-transeetion metal |
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| Electron confeeguration | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 |
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| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 3 |
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| Pheesical properties |
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| Phase at STP | solit |
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| Meltin pynt | 302.9146 K (29.7646 °C, 85.5763 °F) |
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| Bylin pynt | 2477 K (2204 °C, 3999 °F) |
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| Density (near r.t.) | 5.91 g/cm3 |
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| when liquid (at m.p.) | 6.095 g/cm3 |
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| Heat o fusion | 5.59 kJ/mol |
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| Heat o vapourisation | 254 kJ/mol |
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| Molar heat capacity | 25.86 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapour pressur
| P (Pa)
|
1
|
10
|
100
|
1 k
|
10 k
|
100 k
|
| at T (K)
|
1310
|
1448
|
1620
|
1838
|
2125
|
2518
|
|
| Atomic properties |
|---|
| Oxidation states | −5, −4, −3,[2] −2, −1, +1, +2, +3[3] (an amphoteric oxide) |
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| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.81 |
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| Ionisation energies | |
|---|
| Atomic radius | empirical: 135 pm |
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| Covalent radius | 122±3 pm |
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| Van der Waals radius | 187 pm |
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 Colour lines in a spectral rangeSpectral lines o gallium |
| Ither properties |
|---|
| Naitural occurrence | primordial |
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| Creestal structur | orthorhombic |
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| Speed o soond thin rod | 2740 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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| Thermal expansion | 18 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
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| Thermal conductivity | 40.6 W/(m·K) |
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| Electrical resistivity | 270 n Ω·m (at 20 °C) |
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| Magnetic orderin | diamagnetic |
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| Young's modulus | 9.8 GPa |
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| Poisson ratio | 0.47 |
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| Mohs haurdness | 1.5 |
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| Brinell haurdness | 60 MPa |
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| CAS Nummer | 7440-55-3 |
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| History |
|---|
| Prediction | Dmitri Mendeleev (1871) |
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| Diskivery | Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1875) |
|---|
| First isolation | Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1875) |
|---|
| Main isotopes o gallium |
|---|
|
|
| | references |
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in
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calc from C
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diff
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report
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ref
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| C
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29.7646
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—
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—
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| K
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302.9146
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302.9146
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0
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| F
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85.5763
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85.5763
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0
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| WD
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String Module Error: Target string is empty ! 
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| input
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C: 29.7646, K: 302.9146, F: 85.5763
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| comment
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| style="text-align:left"|
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in
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calc from C
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diff
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report
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ref
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| C
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2204
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—
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—
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| K
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2477
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2477
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0
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| F
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3999
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3999
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0
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| WD
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String Module Error: Target string is empty !
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| input
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C: 2204, K: 2477, F: 3999
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| comment
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References
Thir references will appear in the airticle, but this list appears anerly on this page.
- ↑ Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ↑ Ga(−3) has been observed in LaGa, see Dürr, Ines; Bauer, Britta; Röhr, Caroline (2011). "Lanthan-Triel/Tetrel-ide La(Al,Ga)x(Si,Ge)1-x. Experimentelle und theoretische Studien zur Stabilität intermetallischer 1:1-Phasen" (PDF). Z. Naturforsch. (in German). 66b: 1107–1121.
- ↑ Hofmann, Patrick (1997). Colture. Ein Programm zur interaktiven Visualisierung von Festkörperstrukturen sowie Synthese, Struktur und Eigenschaften von binären und ternären Alkali- und Erdalkalimetallgalliden (PDF) (in German). PhD Thesis, ETH Zurich. p. 72. doi:10.3929/ethz-a-001859893. ISBN 978-3728125972.
