Template:Infobox boron

Boron, ₅B
	boron (β-rhombohedral)
Boron
Pronunciation	/ˈbɔːrɒn/ (BOR-on)
Appearance	black-broun
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(B)	[10.806, 10.821] conventional: 10.81
Boron in the periodic cairt
	beryllium ← boron → carbon
Atomic nummer (Z)	5
Group	group 13 (boron group)
Period	period 2
Block	p-block
Element category	Metalloid
Electron confeeguration	[He] 2s2 2p1
Electrons per shell	2, 3
Pheesical properties
Phase at STP	solit
Meltin pynt	2349 K (2076 °C, 3769 °F)
Bylin pynt	4200 K (3927 °C, 7101 °F)
Density when liquid (at m.p.)	2.08 g/cm3
Heat o fusion	50.2 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation	480 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	11.087 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−5, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3 (a mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.04
Ionisation energies	(more);
Atomic radius	empirical: 90 pm
Covalent radius	84±3 pm
Van der Waals radius	192 pm
	Colour lines in a spectral rangeSpectral lines o boron
Ither properties
Naitural occurrence	primordial
Creestal structur	rhombohedral
Speed o soond thin rod	16,200 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	(β form) 5–7 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	27.4 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	~106 Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderin	diamagnetic
Mohs haurdness	~9.5
CAS Nummer	7440-42-8
History
Diskivery	Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac an Louis Jacques Thénard (30 June 1808)
First isolation	Humphry Davy (9 Julie 1808)
Main isotopes o boron
	10B content may be as low as 19.1% and as high as 20.3% in natural samples. 11B is the remainder in such cases.
	view; talk; edit; \| references

style="text-align:left"\| data m.p. cat v
	in	calc from C	diff	report	ref
C	2076	—	—
K	2349	2349	0
F	3769	3769	0
WD	2077 !2077 Celsius
input	C: 2076, K: 2349, F: 3769
comment

style="text-align:left"\| data b.p. cat v
	in	calc from C	diff	report	ref
C	3927	—	—
K	4200	4200	0
F	7101	7101	0
WD	4000 !4000 Celsius
input	C: 3927, K: 4200, F: 7101
comment

References

↑ Van Setten et al. 2007, pp. 2460–1
↑ Braunschweig, H.; Dewhurst, R. D.; Hammond, K.; Mies, J.; Radacki, K.; Vargas, A. (2012). "Ambient-Temperature Isolation of a Compound with a Boron-Boron Triple Bond". Science. 336 (6087): 1420–2. Bibcode:2012Sci...336.1420B. doi:10.1126/science.1221138. PMID 22700924.
↑ Zhang, K.Q.; Guo, B.; Braun, V.; Dulick, M.; Bernath, P.F. (1995). "Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF" (PDF). J. Molecular Spectroscopy (in Inglis). 170 (1): 82. Bibcode:1995JMoSp.170...82Z. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058.
↑ Melanie Schroeder. "Eigenschaften von borreichen Boriden und Scandium-Aluminium-Oxid-Carbiden" (PDF) (in German). p. 139.
↑ Holcombe Jr., C. E.; Smith, D. D.; Lorc, J. D.; Duerlesen, W. K.; Carpenter; D. A. (October 1973). "Physical-Chemical Properties of beta-Rhombohedral Boron". High Temp. Sci. 5 (5): 349–57.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors leet (link)
↑ Lide, David R. (ed.) (2000). Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF). CRC press. ISBN 0849304814.CS1 maint: extra text: authors leet (link)
↑ Gay Lussac, J.L. and Thenard, L.J. (1808) "Sur la décomposition et la recomposition de l'acide boracique," Annales de chimie [later: Annales de chemie et de physique], vol. 68, pp. 169–174.
↑ Davy H (1809). "An account of some new analytical researches on the nature of certain bodies, particularly the alkalies, phosphorus, sulphur, carbonaceous matter, and the acids hitherto undecomposed: with some general observations on chemical theory". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 99: 33–104.
↑ ^a ^b "Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 21 September 2008.
↑ Szegedi, S.; Váradi, M.; Buczkó, Cs. M.; Várnagy, M.; Sztaricskai, T. (1990). "Determination of boron in glass by neutron transmission method". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters. 146 (3): 177. doi:10.1007/BF02165219.
↑ Zhang, K.Q.; Guo, B.; Braun, V.; Dulick, M.; Bernath, P.F. (1995). "Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF" (PDF). J. Molecular Spectroscopy. 170: 82. Bibcode:1995JMoSp.170...82Z. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors leet (link)

[1] Van Setten et al. 2007, pp. 2460–1

[2] Braunschweig, H.; Dewhurst, R. D.; Hammond, K.; Mies, J.; Radacki, K.; Vargas, A. (2012). "Ambient-Temperature Isolation of a Compound with a Boron-Boron Triple Bond". Science. 336 (6087): 1420–2. Bibcode:2012Sci...336.1420B. doi:10.1126/science.1221138. PMID 22700924.

[3] Zhang, K.Q.; Guo, B.; Braun, V.; Dulick, M.; Bernath, P.F. (1995). "Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF" (PDF). J. Molecular Spectroscopy (in Inglis). 170 (1): 82. Bibcode:1995JMoSp.170...82Z. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058.

[4] Melanie Schroeder. "Eigenschaften von borreichen Boriden und Scandium-Aluminium-Oxid-Carbiden" (PDF) (in German). p. 139.

[5] Holcombe Jr., C. E.; Smith, D. D.; Lorc, J. D.; Duerlesen, W. K.; Carpenter; D. A. (October 1973). "Physical-Chemical Properties of beta-Rhombohedral Boron". High Temp. Sci. 5 (5): 349–57.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors leet (link)

[magnet-6] Lide, David R. (ed.) (2000). Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF). CRC press. ISBN 0849304814.CS1 maint: extra text: authors leet (link)

[Lussac-7] Gay Lussac, J.L. and Thenard, L.J. (1808) "Sur la décomposition et la recomposition de l'acide boracique," Annales de chimie [later: Annales de chemie et de physique], vol. 68, pp. 169–174.

[Davy-8] Davy H (1809). "An account of some new analytical researches on the nature of certain bodies, particularly the alkalies, phosphorus, sulphur, carbonaceous matter, and the acids hitherto undecomposed: with some general observations on chemical theory". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 99: 33–104.

[NISTic-9] "Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 21 September 2008.

[10] Szegedi, S.; Váradi, M.; Buczkó, Cs. M.; Várnagy, M.; Sztaricskai, T. (1990). "Determination of boron in glass by neutron transmission method". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters. 146 (3): 177. doi:10.1007/BF02165219.

[v1-11] Zhang, K.Q.; Guo, B.; Braun, V.; Dulick, M.; Bernath, P.F. (1995). "Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF" (PDF). J. Molecular Spectroscopy. 170: 82. Bibcode:1995JMoSp.170...82Z. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors leet (link)

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