German leid

Wast Germanic leid

German (Deutsch, pronouncit [dɔʏtʃ]) is a Wast Germanic leid, thus relatit tae an clessifee'd alangside Inglis an Dutch. It is ane o the warld's major leids an the maist widely spoken first leid in the European Union. Globally, German is spoken bi aboot 120 million hamespun speakers an aboot 80 million non-hamespun speakers. Standard German is widely lairnt in schuils, varsities an Goethe Institutes warldwide.It is a naitional leid o Germany, Austrick, Liechtenstein, Swizzerland, Luxembourg, Belgium an the European Union.

German
Deutsch
Pronunciation[dɔʏtʃ]
Native taePrimarily German-speakin Europe, an aw in the warldwide German-speakin diaspora
EthnicityGerman fowk (historically)
Native speakers
90 million (2010)[1] to 95 million (2014)[2]
L2 speakers: 10–15 million (2014)[2][3]
Early forms
Staundart forms
Latin (German alphabet)
German Braille
Signed German, LBG
(Lautsprachbegleitende / Lautbegleitende Gebärden)
Offeecial status
Offeecial leid in


Several internaitional institutions
Recognised minority
leid in
Regulatit biNo offeecial regulation
(German orthografie regulatit bi the Cooncil for German Orthografie[4]).
Leid codes
ISO 639-1de
ISO 639-2ger (B)
deu (T)
ISO 639-3Variously:
deu – German
gmh – Middle Heich German
goh – Auld Heich German
gct – Colonia Tovar German
bar – Bavarian
cim – Cimbrian
geh – Hutterite German
ksh – Kölsch
nds – Law German[note 1]
sli – Lower Silesian
ltz – Luxembourgish[note 2]
vmf – Mainfränkisch
mhn – Mòcheno
pfl – Palatinate German
pdc – Pennsylvania German
pdt – Plautdietsch[note 3]
swg – Swabian German
gsw – Swiss German
uln – Unserdeutsch
sxu – Upper Saxon
wae – Walser German
wep – Westphalian
hrx – Riograndenser Hunsrückisch
yec – Yenish
Glottologhigh1287  Heich Franconian[6]
uppe1397  Upper German[7]
Linguasphere
further information
52-AC (Continental Wast Germanic)
> 52-ACB (Deutsch & Dutch)
> 52-ACB-d (Central German incl. 52-ACB–dl & -dm Staundart/Generalised Heich German)
+ 52-ACB-e & -f (Upper German & Swiss German)
+ 52-ACB-h (émigré German varieties incl. 52-ACB-hc Hutterite German & 52-ACB-he Pennsylvanie German etc.)
+ 52-ACB-i (Yenish);
Totallin 285 varieties: 52-ACB-daa to 52-ACB-i
  (Co-)Offeecial an majority leid
  Co-offeecial, but not majority leid
  Statutory minority/cultural leid
  Non-statutory minority leid
This article contains IPA phonetic seembols. Withoot proper renderin support, ye mey see quaisten merks, boxes, or ither seembols insteid o Unicode chairacters. For an introductory guide on IPA seembols, see Help:IPA.

Notes

eedit
  1. The status o Law German as a German variety or separate leid is subject tae discussion.[5]
  2. The status o Luxembourgish as a German variety or separate leid is subject tae discussion.[2]
  3. The status o Plautdietsch as a German variety or separate leid is subject tae discussion.[5]

References

eedit
  1. Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2010" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2010), in Nationalencyklopedin
  2. a b c Ammon, Ulrich (2014). Die Stellung der deutschen Sprache in der Welt (in German) (1st ed.). Berlin: de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-019298-8. Retrieved 24 Julie 2015.[page needit]
  3. "Special Eurobarometer 386: Europeans and their languages" (PDF) (report). European Commission. Juin 2012. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 6 January 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
  4. "Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung – Über den Rat". Rechtschreibrat.ids-mannheim.de. Retrieved 11 October 2010.
  5. a b Jan Goossens: Niederdeutsche Sprache: Versuch einer Definition. In: Jan Goossens (Hrsg.): Niederdeutsch: Sprache und Literatur. Karl Wachholtz, 2. Auflage, Neumünster 1983, S. 27; Willy Sanders: Sachsensprache, Hansesprache, Plattdeutsch: sprachgeschichtliche Grundzüge des Niederdeutschen. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1982, ISBN 3-525-01213-6, S. 32 f.; Dieter Stellmacher: Niederdeutsche Sprache. 2. Auflage, Weidler, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-89693-326-4, S. 92.
  6. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Heich Franconian". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
  7. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Alpine Germanic". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.