Admeenistrative diveesions o Ukraine

Azov Sea

Black Sea

Roushie

Belaroushie

Poland

Romanie

Moldovae

Lviv

•

Dnieper

Ukraine is subdividit intae 24 oblasts (regions), ane autonomous republic, an twa "ceities wi special status".

OwerviewEedit

The seestem o Ukrainian subdiveesions reflects the kintra's status as a unitary state (as statit in the kintra's constitution) wi unifeed legal an admeenistrative regime for each unit. Housomeivver, experts agree that the wide autonomy o Crimea, the cultural an historical differences atween regions, combined wi lack o clarity in separation o pouers atween the levels o govrenment diminish the formal unity o Ukraine significantly. The issue o admeenistrative reform are routinely brocht up an several projects wur proposed, but failed tae get significant traction. Some o the proposed steps include the integration o a few sma oblasts, broadenin o oblast an ceity authority, clarifyin the authority an eliminatin the competeetion atween the locally electit an centrally appointit bodies.

For an unnerstaundin o the cultural an socioeconomic differences athin the kintra, a knowledge o the Ukrainian historical regions is crucial in studyin the admeenistrative structur.

General scope o admeenistrative diveesionEedit

Cairt o the first level o admeenistrative diveesion o Ukraine.

The admeenistrative diveesion in Ukraine wis directly inheritit frae the local republican admeenistration o the Soviet Union, the Ukrainian SSR, an haes no chyngit majorly syne the middle o 20t century. It is somewha complex as beside haein couple o levels o a territorial subdiveesion, it haes its awn classification for various settlements an aw.

StructurEedit

Thare are three major subdiveesions: oblast (region), raion (destrict), an rada (municipality) ceity, toun, an rural.

Ceities aaways hae thair awn form o sel-admeenistration (municipality) dependin on thair status an some mey conseest o thair awn ceity's destricts (raions). A basic an the lawest level o admeenistrative diveesion is a municipality (or rada - cooncil). Municipalities can be ceity, urban or rural, locally abbreviatit as miskradas, selyshchna rada or silradas, respectively.

Ceities municipalities

For ensaumple, the municipalities o Kiev an o Sevastopol hae the special status o a naitional importance (significance) an each is offeecially classifeed as a ceity wi a special status, which admeenistratively is equivalent tae an oblast (region). Mayors o thae ceities, in general, as govrenors o oblasts are bein appointit bi the Preses o Ukraine. Housomeivver, the status o the Mayor o Kiev ceity, in pairticular, is somewha mair complex, an for faur information see Legal status an local govrenment o Kiev. The status o the Sevastopol ceity is unique an aw.

On the oblast level amaist each hae at least ane ceity o oblast subordination (importance) which is the admeenistrative center (caipital) o that oblast. Housomeivver, some ither big ceities athin the oblast mey hae sic status as well. The ceities o oblast subordination hae the same importance o a whole raion an aften are the admeenistrative centers o sic. Note that beside the regular raions thare are several ceities in Ukraine uisually o naitional (mentioned earlier) or oblast status that are subdividit intae several ceity raions o thair awn. Those raions mey whiles include ither ceities, touns, an/or veelages. In 2010 thare wur 23 sic ceities that hae ceity raions.

A lot o raions hae ceity municipalities o its level o subordination (importance) an aw. Those are uisually the admeenistrative centers (caipitals). Notice that no aw raions (destricts) hae a ceity as thair admeenistrative center, housomeivver aw the raion (destrict) centers are at least urban-lik (urbanized). Aw admeenistrative centers hae thair awn form o sel-admeenistration. The municipalities o a raion subordination mey admeenister several ither adjacent tae them local councils (municipalities), uisually rural. If raion haes several ceities o raion (destrict) level, thay mey share an admeenistrative pouer for the raion.

Ither municipalities

As it wis mentioned abuin, beside ceity municipalities thare are urban-lik municipalities. The lawest form o sel-admeenistration are rural municipalities an veelages. A rural municipality mey conseest o a single veelage, uisually big, or combination o ither rural veelages or localities. Note that some veelages hae some additional vera sma settlements an aw. Those settlements thegither wi the hame veelage combine a local (rural) municipality (silrada). For simplicity sake, silrada (rural municipality) is uisually referred tae as a veelage an is the lawest level o admeenistrative diveesion. The status tae ony settlement is grantit throu the Verkhovna Rada.

Ither admeenistrations

Thare are some umwhile military installation-settlements (viiskove mistechko) an aw. Syne the faw o the Soviet Union, the secrecy o sic settlements wis "unveiled", housomeivver, thae touns bein subordinatit directly tae the Meenistry o Defence an dae no hae thair awn ceevil admeenistration. Sic military installations are lik ghost touns that are no even identifeed on a cairt. Ane o them is on the mairch o the Kiev an Zhytomyr Oblasts cried Makarov-1.^[1] Thare is a special territory which is unner the jurisdiction o the Meenistry o Emergencies an aw. It is the territory which suffered the maist frae the Chernobyl Catastrophe, kent as the Zone o alienation. Some restrictit territories belang tae the Meenistry o Ecology (umwhile Natur Environment) an are considered natur sanctuaries (preserves).

Currently thare are three enclaves. The ceity o Slavutych is admeenistratively subordinatit directly tae the Kiev Oblast, while bein completely surroondit bi Belaroushie an Chernihiv region. Anither enclave is a settlement Bile which is locatit on the Snake island an is fully surroondit bi the Black Sea. Bile is pairt o the Vylkove ceity o the Odessa Oblast. Atoun o Kotsyubynske (Irpin municipality) which is pairt o the Kiev region is completely surroondit bi the ceity o Kiev an aw.

Ither nomenclaturs for local settlements that are nou abandoned include khutir, wirkers' settlement etc.

The follaein table is based on the 2001 Ukrainian Census.

Degree o diveesion	Territorial	Number	Ceities/ither settlements	Number	Tot settlements
1	Crimea	1	-	-	-
1	region/oblast	24	special status ceity	2	459
2	destrict/raion	490	region level ceity	178
2	-	-	ceity destrict	118
3	-	-	destrict level ceity	279

	municipality, toun/urban-type	783	ither toun/urban-type settlement	102	885
4	municipality, rural	10278	veelage	27190	28456
5	-	-	rural settlement/selyshche	1266	28456

Types o settlementsEedit

Settlements bi Status
Status [1] Archived 2007-12-31 at the Wayback Machine		Status (in Ukrainian)	Tot Number (as o 2006)
misto / ceity		місто	457
	municipality	місто зі спеціальним статусом	2
	misto oblastnoho znachennia	місто областного значення	176
	misto raionnoho znachennia	місто районного значення	279
selyshche miskoho typu / toun		селище міського типу	886
selo / veelage		сільський населений пункт	28,552
	selysche	селище	1,364
	selo	село	27,188

Thare are twa types o settlements: rural an urban.

Rural

Rural populatit auries (сільський населений пункт) can be aither a veelage (село, selo) or a rural settlement (селище).

Urban

Urban populatit auries (міський населений пункт) can be aither a ceity (місто) or an urbanized settlement (селище міського типу). Urbanized settlements for a brevity sake aften are classifeed as touns in the Scots leid.

The chynges tae a settlement status can be done anerlie bi the Verkhovna Rada. Please, note that the size o a settlement daes no ultimately define its status awtho is a major factor. For ensaumple, the ceity o Prypiat in Ukraine still retains its status, while haein a population o zero (0) residents due tae its infrastructur: biggins, roads, utility netwirks, etc.

Ceity vs. toun in Ukraine

The teepical Ukrainian misto ought tae be considered a ceity, no a toun (compare tae Ceity status in the Unitit Kinrick). Housomeivver, the ceity's subordination tae aither oblast or raion should be taken intae accoont an aw, especially in the political sense. Some o urbanized settlements mey be ceities o raion subordination, awtho it coud seem confusin, a type o settlement shoud be considered first as its status is gien for admeenistrative purposes.

Leet o regionsEedit

List o Ukraine's oblasts
Region	Aurie (sq mi)	Population (2010)	Density	Centre ceity	Raions/Destricts	Important ceities
Crimea	10,038.0	1,965,031	195.76	Simferopol	14	11
Cherkasy Oblast	8,069.5	1,291,135	160.00	Cherkasy	20	6
Chernihiv Oblast	12,303.1	1,104,241	89.75	Chernihiv	22	3
Chernivtsi Oblast	3,126.3	903,782	289.09	Chernivtsi	11	2
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast	12,322.1	3,344,073	271.39	Dnipro	22	13
Donetsk Oblast	10,238.3	4,448,031	434.45	Donetsk	18	28
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast	5,366.8	1,380,770	257.28	Ivano-Frankivsk	14	5
Kharkiv Oblast	12,129.4	2,755,177	227.15	Kharkiv	27	7
Kherson Oblast	10,988.9	1,091,151	99.30	Kherson	18	3
Khmelnytskyi Oblast	7,971.1	1,331,534	167.05	Khmelnytskyi	20	6
Kiev Oblast	10,861.4	1,719,602	158.32	Kiev	25	13
Kirovohrad Oblast	9,493.5	1,014,809	106.90	Kropyvnytskyi	21	4
Luhansk Oblast	10,302.7	2,300,412	223.28	Luhansk	18	4
Lviv Oblast	8,429.8	2,545,634	301.98	Lviv	20	9
Mykolaiv Oblast	9,497.3	1,186,452	124.93	Mykolaiv	19	5
Odessa Oblast	12,861.1	2,387,636	185.65	Odessa	26	7
Poltava Oblast	11,099.7	1,493,668	134.57	Poltava	25	5
Rivne Oblast	7,740.2	1,152,576	148.91	Rivne	16	4
Sumy Oblast	9,202.4	1,166,765	126.79	Sumy	18	7
Ternopil Oblast	5,337.1	1,086,694	203.61	Ternopil	17	1
Vinnytsia Oblast	10,236.7	1,646,250	160.82	Vinnytsia	27	6
Volyn Oblast	7,777.6	1,038,223	133.49	Lutsk	16	4
Zakarpattia Oblast	4,933.2	1,246,323	252.64	Uzhhorod	13	5
Zaporizhia Oblast	10,494.3	1,805,431	172.04	Zaporizhia	20	5
Zhytomyr Oblast	11,518.2	1,283,201	111.41	Zhytomyr	23	5
Kiev (Kyiv)	323.9	2,782,016	8589.12	Kiev	10	1
Sevastopol	416.6	380,301	912.87	Sevastopol	4	2

NaminEedit

Names o Ukraine's admeenistrative units
Ukrainian	Romanized¹	Scots widespread	Scots recommended (formal uise)	Scots recommended (informal uise)
автономна республіка	avtonomna respublika	(autonomous) republic	autonomous republic	autonomy
область	oblast'	region², province	oblast	province
район	raion	destrict, region³, aurie, coonty	raion	destrict
місто	misto	ceity, municipality	misto	ceity, municipality⁵
місто зі спеціальним статусом	misto zi spetsial'nym statusom	special-status municipality, special-charter municipality⁴	municipality	municipality, ceity
місто областного значення	misto oblastnoho znachennia	ceity o oblast subordinance	misto oblastnoho znachennia	ceity o oblast subordinance
місто районного значення	misto raionnoho znachennia	ceity o raion subordinance	misto raionnoho znachennia	ceity o raion subordinance
селище міського типу	selysche mis'koho typu	toun, urban-type settlement	selysche mis'koho typu	toun, urban-type settlement
сільський населений пункт	sil'skyi naselenyi punkt	veelage, rural-type settlement	selo	veelage, rural-type settlement
селище	selysche	veelage	selysche	veelage
село	selo	veelage	selo	veelage

Notes

Romanized uisin Ukrainian Naitional staundart. Details at Romanization o Ukrainian.
Province is mair precise acause region mey refer tae supranaitional geographic entity an aw.
Region is ambiguous syne it uisually refers tae lairger naitional-level units; aurie is inaccurate.

4. Mey be referred as republican status an aw.
5. Ceity refers exclusively tae the ceity admeenistration (uisually smawer ceities), while some ceities include ither urban an rural admeenistrations sic collective admeenistrations form ceity cooncils - municipalities.

OblastEedit

Uncommon in Inglis leid term oblast in Ukraine is interchyngeably uised wi mair common region which is a general term uised for oblasts an the Republic o Crimea. Maist o Ukraine's oblast (regions) are named efter thair admeenistrative centers (aw ceities). Each region generally consists o aboot ane tae twa million o fowk an haes aboot 20 destricts (raions).

Nomenclatur grammatical aspect

The name o each oblast is a relative adjective, formed bi addin a feminine suffix tae the name o respective centre ceity. E.g. Poltava is a centre o Poltavs'ka oblast' (Poltava Oblast). Maist o them are sometimes referred tae in a feminine noun form an aw, follaein the convention o traditional regional place names, endin wi the suffix "-shchyna". E.g. Poltava Oblast is cried Poltavshchyna an aw.

Exceptions tae this rule include:

Twa oblasts, Volyn an Zakarpattia, which retain the names o their respective historical regions, Volyn' (Volhynia) an Zakarpattia (Transcarpathie), whose respective caipitals are Lutsk an Uzhhorod.
Twa ceities: Kiev which is an independently admeenistrated ceity frae the surroondin Kiev Oblast an Sevastopol which is, while locatit on the Crimean peninsula, admeenistratively no pairt o Crimea. Kiev is, housomeivver, the admeenistrative centre o Kiev Oblast (admeenistrative bodies o the oblast are situatit inside the ceity) an aw.

An oblast centre in Ukraine is uisually the lairgest an maist developit ceity in gien region.

Oblasts whiles referred tae as provinces, housomeivver historically provinces wur pairt o admeenistrative diveesion o the Roushie Empire, territories o which the day aften are different. For ensaumple, the umwhile Volhynie province encompasses the Rivne Oblast, the Volyn Oblast, an includes some territories in the Ternopil Oblast an aw. See Leet o etymologies o kintra subdiveesion names: "Ukraine" as weel.

Autonomous Republic o CrimeaEedit

The Autonomous Republic o Crimea (Ukrainian: Автономна Республіка Крим, Avtonomna Respublika Krym, Crimean Tatar: Qırım Muhtar Cumhuriyeti), umwhile Crimea Oblast o the Ukrainian SSR, is geographically the main pairt o Crimean peninsulae in the sooth o Ukraine. Its caipital is Simferopol.

RaionsEedit

Raions are sma territorial units o subdiveesion o Ukraine. Thare are 490 raions in 24 oblasts an Crimea autonomous republic o Ukraine. An average aurie o Ukrainian raion is 1,200 km2 (463 sq mi), an average population o raions is 52,000 fowk.