Admeenistrative diveesions o Ukraine
Ukraine is subdividit intae 24 oblasts (regions), ane autonomous republic, an twa "ceeties wi special status".
Table o contents
OwerviewEedit
The seestem o Ukrainian subdiveesions reflects the kintra's status as a unitary state (as statit in the kintra's constitution) wi unifeed legal an admeenistrative regime for each unit. Housomeivver, experts agree that the wide autonomy o Crimea, the cultural an historical differences atween regions, combined wi lack o clarity in separation o pouers atween the levels o govrenment diminish the formal unity o Ukraine significantly. The issue o admeenistrative reform are routinely brought up an several projects wur proposed, but failed tae get significant traction. Some o the proposed steps include the integration o a few sma oblasts, broadenin o oblast an ceety authority, clarifyin the authority an eliminatin the competeetion atween the locally electit an centrally appointit bodies.
For an unnerstaundin o the cultural an socioeconomic differences athin the kintra, a knowledge o the Ukrainian historical regions is crucial in studyin the admeenistrative structur.
General scope o admeenistrative diveesionEedit
The admeenistrative diveesion in Ukraine wis directly inheritit frae the local republican admeenistration o the Soviet Union, the Ukrainian SSR, an haes no chyngit majorly syne the middle o 20t century. It is somewha complex as beside haein couple o levels o a territorial subdiveesion, it an aa haes its awn classification for various settlements.
StructurEedit
Thare are three major subdiveesions: oblast (region), raion (destrict), an rada (municipality) ceety, toun, an rural.
Ceeties aaways hae thair awn form o sel-admeenistration (municipality) dependin on thair status an some mey conseest o thair awn ceety's destricts (raions). A basic an the lawest level o admeenistrative diveesion is a municipality (or rada - cooncil). Municipalities can be ceety, urban or rural, locally abbreviatit as miskradas, selyshchna rada or silradas, respectively.
- Ceeties municipalities
For ensaumple, the municipalities o Kiev an o Sevastopol hae the special status o a naitional importance (significance) an each is offeecially classifeed as a ceety wi a special status, which admeenistratively is equivalent tae an oblast (region). Mayors o those ceeties, in general, as govrenors o oblasts are bein appointit bi the Preses o Ukraine. Housomeivver, the status o the Mayor o Kiev ceety, in pairticular, is somewha mair complex, an for further information see Legal status an local govrenment o Kiev. The status o the Sevastopol ceety is an aa unique.
On the oblast level amaist each hae at least ane ceety o oblast subordination (importance) which is the admeenistrative center (caipital) o that oblast. Housomeivver, some ither big ceeties athin the oblast mey hae sic status as well. The ceeties o oblast subordination hae the same importance o a whole raion an aften are the admeenistrative centers o sic. Note that beside the regular raions thare are several ceeties in Ukraine uisually o naitional (mentioned earlier) or oblast status that are subdividit intae several ceety raions o thair awn. Those raions mey whiles include ither ceeties, touns, an/or veelages. In 2010 thare wur 23 sic ceeties that hae ceety raions.
A lot o raions an aa hae ceety municipalities o its level o subordination (importance). Those are uisually the admeenistrative centers (caipitals). Notice that no aw raions (destricts) hae a ceety as thair admeenistrative center, housomeivver aw the raion (destrict) centers are at least urban-lik (urbanized). Aw admeenistrative centers hae thair awn form o sel-admeenistration. The municipalities o a raion subordination mey admeenister several ither adjacent tae them local councils (municipalities), uisually rural. If raion haes several ceeties o raion (destrict) level, thay mey share an admeenistrative pouer for the raion.
- Ither municipalities
As it wis mentioned abuin, beside ceety municipalities thare are urban-lik municipalities. The lawest form o sel-admeenistration are rural municipalities an veelages. A rural municipality mey conseest o a single veelage, uisually big, or combination o ither rural veelages or localities. Note that some veelages an aa hae some additional vera sma settlements. Those settlements thegither wi the hame veelage combine a local (rural) municipality (silrada). For simplicity sake, silrada (rural municipality) is uisually referred tae as a veelage an is the lawest level o admeenistrative diveesion. The status tae ony settlement is grantit throu the Verkhovna Rada.
- Ither admeenistrations
Thare are an aa some umwhile military installation-settlements (viiskove mistechko). Syne the faw o the Soviet Union, the secrecy o sic settlements wis "unveiled", housomeivver, those touns bein subordinatit directly tae the Meenistry o Defence an dae no hae thair awn ceevil admeenistration. Sic military installations are lik ghost touns that are no even identifeed on a cairt. Ane o them is on the mairch o the Kiev an Zhytomyr Oblasts cried Makarov-1.[1] An aa thare is a special territory which is unner the jurisdiction o the Meenistry o Emergencies. It is the territory which suffered the maist frae the Chernobyl Catastrophe, kent as the Zone o alienation. Some restrictit territories belang tae the Meenistry o Ecology (umwhile Natur Environment) an are considered natur sanctuaries (preserves).
Currently thare are three enclaves. The ceety o Slavutych is admeenistratively subordinatit directly tae the Kiev Oblast, while bein completely surroondit bi Belaroushie an Chernihiv region. Anither enclave is a settlement Bile which is locatit on the Snake island an is fully surroondit bi the Black Sea. Bile is pairt o the Vylkove ceety o the Odessa Oblast. An aa a toun o Kotsyubynske (Irpin municipality) which is pairt o the Kiev region is completely surroondit bi the ceety o Kiev.
Ither nomenclaturs for local settlements that are nou abandoned include khutir, wirkers' settlement etc.
The follaein table is based on the 2001 Ukrainian Census.
| Degree o diveesion | Territorial | Number | Ceeties/ither settlements | Number | Tot settlements |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Crimea | 1 | - | - | - |
| region/oblast | 24 | special status ceety | 2 | 459 | |
| 2 | destrict/raion | 490 | region level ceety | 178 | |
| - | - | ceety destrict | 118 | ||
| 3 | - | - | destrict level ceety | 279 | |
| municipality, toun/urban-type | 783 | ither toun/urban-type settlement | 102 | 885 | |
| 4 | municipality, rural | 10278 | veelage | 27190 | 28456 |
| 5 | - | - | rural settlement/selyshche | 1266 |
Types o settlementsEedit
| Status [1] | Status (in Ukrainian) |
Tot Number (as o 2006) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| misto / ceety | місто | 457 | |
| municipality | місто зі спеціальним статусом | 2 | |
| misto oblastnoho znachennia | місто областного значення | 176 | |
| misto raionnoho znachennia | місто районного значення | 279 | |
| selyshche miskoho typu / toun | селище міського типу | 886 | |
| selo / veelage | сільський населений пункт | 28,552 | |
| selysche | селище | 1,364 | |
| selo | село | 27,188 | |
Thare are twa types o settlements: rural an urban.
- Rural
Rural populatit auries (сільський населений пункт) can be aither a veelage (село, selo) or a rural settlement (селище).
- Urban
Urban populatit auries (міський населений пункт) can be aither a ceety (місто) or an urbanized settlement (селище міського типу). Urbanized settlements for a brevity sake aften are classifeed as touns in the Scots leid.
The chynges tae a settlement status can be done anerlie bi the Verkhovna Rada. Please, note that the size o a settlement daes no ultimately define its status awtho is a major factor. For ensaumple, the ceety o Prypiat in Ukraine still retains its status, while haein a population o zero (0) residents due tae its infrastructur: biggins, roads, utility netwirks, etc.
- Ceety vs. toun in Ukraine
The teepical Ukrainian misto ought tae be considered a ceety, no a toun (compare tae Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick). Housomeivver, the ceety's subordination tae aither oblast or raion an aa should be taken intae accoont, especially in the poleetical sense. Some o urbanized settlements mey be ceeties o raion subordination, awtho it coud seem confusin, a type o settlement shoud be considered first as its status is gien for admeenistrative purposes.
Leet o regionsEedit
| Region | Aurie (sq mi) | Population (2010) | Density | Centre ceety | Raions/Destricts | Important ceeties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Crimea
|
10,038.0 | 1,965,031 | 195.76 | Simferopol | 14 | 11 |
 Cherkasy Oblast
|
8,069.5 | 1,291,135 | 160.00 | Cherkasy | 20 | 6 |
 Chernihiv Oblast
|
12,303.1 | 1,104,241 | 89.75 | Chernihiv | 22 | 3 |
 Chernivtsi Oblast
|
3,126.3 | 903,782 | 289.09 | Chernivtsi | 11 | 2 |
 Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
|
12,322.1 | 3,344,073 | 271.39 | Dnipro | 22 | 13 |
 Donetsk Oblast
|
10,238.3 | 4,448,031 | 434.45 | Donetsk | 18 | 28 |
 Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
|
5,366.8 | 1,380,770 | 257.28 | Ivano-Frankivsk | 14 | 5 |
 Kharkiv Oblast
|
12,129.4 | 2,755,177 | 227.15 | Kharkiv | 27 | 7 |
 Kherson Oblast
|
10,988.9 | 1,091,151 | 99.30 | Kherson | 18 | 3 |
 Khmelnytskyi Oblast
|
7,971.1 | 1,331,534 | 167.05 | Khmelnytskyi | 20 | 6 |
 Kiev Oblast
|
10,861.4 | 1,719,602 | 158.32 | Kiev | 25 | 13 |
 Kirovohrad Oblast
|
9,493.5 | 1,014,809 | 106.90 | Kropyvnytskyi | 21 | 4 |
 Luhansk Oblast
|
10,302.7 | 2,300,412 | 223.28 | Luhansk | 18 | 4 |
 Lviv Oblast
|
8,429.8 | 2,545,634 | 301.98 | Lviv | 20 | 9 |
 Mykolaiv Oblast
|
9,497.3 | 1,186,452 | 124.93 | Mykolaiv | 19 | 5 |
 Odessa Oblast
|
12,861.1 | 2,387,636 | 185.65 | Odessa | 26 | 7 |
 Poltava Oblast
|
11,099.7 | 1,493,668 | 134.57 | Poltava | 25 | 5 |
 Rivne Oblast
|
7,740.2 | 1,152,576 | 148.91 | Rivne | 16 | 4 |
 Sumy Oblast
|
9,202.4 | 1,166,765 | 126.79 | Sumy | 18 | 7 |
 Ternopil Oblast
|
5,337.1 | 1,086,694 | 203.61 | Ternopil | 17 | 1 |
 Vinnytsia Oblast
|
10,236.7 | 1,646,250 | 160.82 | Vinnytsia | 27 | 6 |
 Volyn Oblast
|
7,777.6 | 1,038,223 | 133.49 | Lutsk | 16 | 4 |
 Zakarpattia Oblast
|
4,933.2 | 1,246,323 | 252.64 | Uzhhorod | 13 | 5 |
 Zaporizhia Oblast
|
10,494.3 | 1,805,431 | 172.04 | Zaporizhia | 20 | 5 |
 Zhytomyr Oblast
|
11,518.2 | 1,283,201 | 111.41 | Zhytomyr | 23 | 5 |
 Kiev (Kyiv)
|
323.9 | 2,782,016 | 8589.12 | Kiev | 10 | 1 |
 Sevastopol
|
416.6 | 380,301 | 912.87 | Sevastopol | 4 | 2 |
NaminEedit
| Ukrainian | Romanized¹ | Scots widespread | Scots recommended (formal uise) | Scots recommended (informal uise) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| автономна республіка | avtonomna respublika | (autonomous) republic | autonomous republic | autonomy |
| область | oblast' | region², province | oblast | province |
| район | raion | destrict, region³, aurie, coonty | raion | destrict |
| місто | misto | ceety, municipality | misto | ceety, municipality5 |
| місто зі спеціальним статусом | misto zi spetsial'nym statusom | special-status municipality, special-charter municipality4 | municipality | municipality, ceety |
| місто областного значення | misto oblastnoho znachennia | ceety o oblast subordinance | misto oblastnoho znachennia | ceety o oblast subordinance |
| місто районного значення | misto raionnoho znachennia | ceety o raion subordinance | misto raionnoho znachennia | ceety o raion subordinance |
| селище міського типу | selysche mis'koho typu | toun, urban-type settlement | selysche mis'koho typu | toun, urban-type settlement |
| сільський населений пункт | sil'skyi naselenyi punkt | veelage, rural-type settlement | selo | veelage, rural-type settlement |
| селище | selysche | veelage | selysche | veelage |
| село | selo | veelage | selo | veelage |
Notes
- Romanized uisin Ukrainian Naitional staundart. Details at Romanization o Ukrainian.
- Province is mair precise acause region mey an aa refer tae supranaitional geographic entity.
- Region is ambiguous syne it uisually refers tae lairger naitional-level units; aurie is inaccurate.
- 4. An aa mey be referred as republican status.
- 5. Ceety refers exclusively tae the ceety admeenistration (uisually smawer ceeties), while some ceeties include ither urban an rural admeenistrations sic collective admeenistrations form ceety cooncils - municipalities.
OblastEedit
Uncommon in Inglis leid term oblast in Ukraine is interchyngeably uised wi mair common region which is a general term uised for oblasts an the Republic o Crimea. Maist o Ukraine's oblast (regions) are named efter thair admeenistrative centers (aw ceeties). Each region generally consists o aboot ane tae twa million o fowk an haes aboot 20 destricts (raions).
- Nomenclatur grammatical aspect
The name o each oblast is a relative adjective, formed bi addin a feminine suffix tae the name o respective centre ceety. E.g. Poltava is a centre o Poltavs'ka oblast' (Poltava Oblast). Maist o them are an aa sometimes referred tae in a feminine noun form, follaein the convention o traditional regional place names, endin wi the suffix "-shchyna". E.g. Poltava Oblast is an aa cried Poltavshchyna.
Exceptions tae this rule include:
- Twa oblasts, Volyn an Zakarpattia, which retain the names o their respective historical regions, Volyn' (Volhynia) an Zakarpattia (Transcarpathie), whose respective caipitals are Lutsk an Uzhhorod.
- Twa ceeties: Kiev which is an independently admeenistrated ceety frae the surroondin Kiev Oblast an Sevastopol which is, while locatit on the Crimean peninsula, admeenistratively no pairt o Crimea. Kiev is, housomeivver, an aa the admeenistrative centre o Kiev Oblast (admeenistrative bodies o the oblast are situatit inside the ceety).
An oblast centre in Ukraine is uisually the lairgest an maist developed ceety in gien region.
Oblasts whiles referred tae as provinces, housomeivver historically provinces wur pairt o admeenistrative diveesion o the Roushie Empire, territories o which the day aften are different. For ensaumple, the umwhile Volhynie province encompasses the Rivne Oblast, the Volyn Oblast, an an aw includes some territories in the Ternopil Oblast. See an aw Leet o etymologies o kintra subdiveesion names: "Ukraine".
Autonomous Republic o CrimeaEedit
The Autonomous Republic o Crimea (Ukrainian: Автономна Республіка Крим, Avtonomna Respublika Krym, Crimean Tatar: Qırım Muhtar Cumhuriyeti), umwhile Crimea Oblast o the Ukrainian SSR, is geographically the main pairt o Crimean peninsulae in the sooth o Ukraine. Its caipital is Simferopol.
RaionsEedit
Raions are sma territorial units o subdiveesion o Ukraine. Thare are 490 raions in 24 oblasts an Crimea autonomous republic o Ukraine. An average aurie o Ukrainian raion is 1,200 km2 (463 sq mi), an average population o raions is 52,000 fowk.
Metro AuriesEedit
Ukraine haes five major agglomeratit metropolitan auries (conurbations).
- Kiev includes ceeties sic as Irpin, Boryspil, Fastiv amang ithers
- Kharkiv includes ceeties sic as Chuhuiv, Merefa, an numerous ither settlements
- Donetsk includes ceeties sic as Makiivka, Khartsyzk, an ithers
- Dnipro wi Kamianske an Novomoskovsk
- Odessa wi Chornomorsk an Ovidiopol
Ither minor metro auries are:
- Kryvyi Rih an Zhovti Vody
- Lviv wi Vynnyky an Pustomyty
- Horlivka an Yenakieve
- Zaporizhia wi Vilniansk
- Mykolaiv wi Voskresenske
- Luhansk wi Oleksandrivsk an Schastia
- Mariupol wi Staryi Krym
Thir conurbation auries are nae offeecially recognised an remain tae be administered accordin tae offeecial oblast-raion seestem o subdiveesion.
See an aaEedit
ReferencesEedit
- ↑ (in Roushie)In Kiev region a military installation cannot vote (video)
Freemit airtinsEedit
- (in Ukrainian) Subdivisions of Ukraine – Verhovna Rada steid
- (in Inglis) List of raions – sub-subdiveesions o oblasts