Petrozavodsk
Petrozavodsk (Roushie: Петрозаводск; Karelie/Veps/Finnish: Petroskoi) is the caipital ceety o the Republic o Karelie, Roushie. It stretches alang the wastren shore o the Lake Onega for some 27 kilometer (17 mi). Population: 261,987 (2010 Census);[3] 266,160 (2002 Census);[9] 269,485 (1989 Census).[10]
Petrozavodsk Петрозаводск | |
|---|---|
 Karla Marksa Avenue in Petrozavodsk | |
.png) Banner .png) Coat airms | |
Location o Petrozavodsk  | |
  Petrozavodsk Location o Petrozavodsk Petrozavodsk Petrozavodsk (Roushie) | |
| Coordinates: 61°47′N 34°20′E / 61.783°N 34.333°ECoordinates: 61°47′N 34°20′E / 61.783°N 34.333°E | |
| Kintra | Roushie |
| Federal subject | Republic o Karelie[2] |
| Foondit | 1703 |
| Govrenment | |
| • Bodi | City Council |
| • Head | Nikolay Levin |
| Area | |
| • Total | 135 km2 (52 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 60 m (200 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 261,987 |
| • Estimate (2018)[4] | 279,190 (+6.6%) |
| • Rank | 71st in 2010 |
| • Density | 1,900/km2 (5,000/sq mi) |
| • Subordinatit tae | ceety o republic significance o Petrozavodsk[1] |
| • Caipital o | Republic o Karelie[1] |
| • Caipital o | ceety o republic significance o Petrozavodsk[1], Prionezhsky Destrict[1] |
| • Urban okrug | Petrozavodsky Urban Okrug[5] |
| • Caipital o | Petrozavodsky Urban Okrug[5], Prionezhsky Municipal Destrict[6] |
| Time zone | UTC+3 ([7]) |
| Postal code(s)[8] | 185xxx |
| Dialin code(s) | +7 8142 |
| Ceety Day | Last Seturday o Juin |
| Twin touns | Neubrandenburg, Vagharshapat, La Rochelle, Duluth, Tübingen, Umeå, Brest, Alytus, Joensuu, Narva, Mykolaiv, Surgut |
| OKTMO ID | 86701000001 |
| Website | www |
History
eedit
On 11 September 1703, Prince Menshikov foondit the dounset o Petrovskaya Sloboda ("Petrine Sloboda"). He did sae at the behest o Tsar Peter the Great, who needit a new iron foondry tae manufactur cannons an anchors for the Baltic Fleet at the time o the Great Northren War (1700–1721). At first the foondry uised the name Shuysky zavod (literally, "factory at the Shuya River"), but a decade later it became Petrovsky zavod ("Petrine factory"), efter the name o the reignin monarch. Frae this form the present name o the ceety derives.
Bi 1717, Petrovskaya Sloboda haed grown intae the lairgest dounset in Karelie, wi aboot 3,500 indwallers, a timmer fort, a covered mercat, an miniatur pailaces o the Tsar an Menshikov. The toun's best-kent laundmerk became the firthen kirk o Saunts Peter an Paul, rebuilt in 1772 an renovatit in 1789. The kirk retained its oreeginal iconostasis till this relic o Peter's reign wis destroyed bi fire on October 30, 1924.
Efter Peter's daith, Petrovskaya Sloboda became depopulatedit an the factory declined. It closed doun in 1734, awtho foreign industrialists maintained copper factories in the vicinity.
The industrie revivit in 1773 whan Catherine the Great established a new iron foondry upstream the Lososinka River. Designed tae provide cannons for the ongoin Rousho-Turkis Wars, the foondry wis namit Alexandrovsky, efter Alexander Nevsky, who wis considered a patron saunt o the region. The factory wis modernized an expandit unner superveesion o Charles Gascoigne in 1787–96. Local pundits claim that the first railwey in the warld (чугунный колесопровод) wis inauguratit for industrial uises o the Alexandrovsky foondry in 1788.
Durin Catherine's municipal reform o 1777, Petrovskaya Sloboda wi incorporatit as a toun, whaurupon its name wis chyngit tae Petrozavodsk. A new Neoclassical ceety centre wis then biggit, focused on the newly-planned Roond Square. In 1784 Petrozavodsk wis lairge eneuch tae supplant Olonets as the admeenistrative centre o the region. Awtho Emperor Paul abolished Olonets Govrenorate, it wis revivit as a separate guberniya in 1801, wi Petrozavodsk as its admeenistrative centre.
Durin the Finnish occupation o East Karelie in the Continuation War (1941–1944), the occupeer chose tae style the ceety Äänislinna (or Ääneslinna), rather than the tradeetional Petroskoi. The new name wis a leeteral translation o Onegaborg, the name o a dounset markit on a 16t century cairt bi Abraham Ortelius near the present-day ceety, Ääninen bein the Finnish toponym for Lake Onega.
The ceety wis occupeed bi Finnish troops for nearly three years afore it wis retaken bi Soviet forces on 28 Juin 1944. The Finns set up concentration camps for the civilians which thay operatit till the Reid Airmy reoccupeed the aurie. The first camp wis locatit at Petrozavodsk (October 24, 1940). Sax sic camps wur set up in Petrozavodsk, wi aboot 25,000 weemen, childer an auld fowk confined in them. Ane soorce estimatit 4,000 fowk perished thare, primarily acause o malnourishment, maist dyin durin the ware an simmer o 1942.
Admeenistrative an municipal status
eeditPetrozavodsk is the caipital o the republic an, athin the framewirk o admeenistrative diveesions, it serves as the admeenistrative centre o Prionezhsky Destrict an aw,[1] even tho it is no a pairt o it.[2] As an admeenistrative diveesion, it is incorporatit separately as the ceety o republic significance o Petrozavodsk—an admeenistrative unit wi the status equal tae that o the destricts.[1] As a municipal diveesion, the ceety o republic significance o Petrozavodsk is incorporatit as Petrozavodsky Urban Okrug.[5]
Landmarks
eeditPetrozavodsk is distinguished amang ither touns o North Roushie bi its Neoclassical airchitectural heritage, which includes the Roond Square (1775, reconstructit in 1789 an 1839) an the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (consecratit in 1832). Amang the toun's laundmerks are the ootdoor statues o Peter I (bronze an granite, Ippolit Monighetti, 1873), Gavrila Derzhavin (a Roushie poet who wis the govrenor o Olonets in the 18t century), an Alexander Nevsky (erectit ootside Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in 2010).
The ceety haes a fine frontage on the Guwf o Petrozavodsk. The modren embankment, inauguratit in 1994, displays an assortment o Karelie granites an marbles. It is lined wi extravagant postmodernist sculptures presented bi sister ceeties o Petrozavodsk frae aroond the warld. Thare is a birch copse an aw, whaur the first kirk o Petrozavodsk wis biggit in 1703.
Petrozavodsk is hame tae the Karelia Philharmonic Orchestra (1933)[1] Archived 2011-07-14 at the Wayback Machine, the Karelian Muisical Theater (1955, statuar bi Sergey Konenkov), Naitional Library o Karelie (1959), Finnish-speakin Naitional Theatre o Karelie (1965), Petrozavodsk State Varsity, a conservatory, a ceety museum foondit in 1871, an a branch o the Roushie Academy o Sciences.
Suburbs
eeditThe veelage o Shoksha near Petrozavodsk contains a quarry o reid an pink quartzite which wis uised in construction o Saunt Isaac's Cathedral an Lenin Mausoleum, amang mony ither notable structurs. Thare are ither quarries in the region an aw excavatin road aggregates (Goloday Gora – gabbro-diabase) near Derevyanka.
The suburb o Martsialnye Vody is the auldest spa in Roushie, foondit bi Peter the Great in 1714 an visitit bi the Tsar on fower occasions. Its name means "The Watters o Mars" in Roushie. Awtho Peter's palace at Martsialnye Vody haes no survivit, thare is a museum devotit tae the spa's history.
Frae Petrozavodsk harbour a hydrofoil service o "KareliaFlot" company cairies fowk tae the island o Kizhi, a Warld Heritage Steid wi an ootdoor museum o auncient firthen airchitectur.
Transportation
eeditThe ceety is servit bi the Petrozavodsk Airport.
Climate
eeditPetrozavodsk experiences a continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc) that is greatly moderatit bi the oceanic influence o the Easter Seas. Winters are lang an cauld, tho vera mild for the heich latitude, while simmers are short an wairm. Precipitation averages 581 millimeter (22.9 in) annually.
| Climate data for Petrozavodsk | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record heich °C (°F) | 5.4 (41.7) |
7.3 (45.1) |
15.5 (59.9) |
24.2 (75.6) |
29.6 (85.3) |
31.9 (89.4) |
33.9 (93.0) |
32.4 (90.3) |
28.5 (83.3) |
21.3 (70.3) |
11.1 (52.0) |
9.4 (48.9) |
33.9 (93.0) |
| Average heich °C (°F) | −6.4 (20.5) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
6.5 (43.7) |
13.6 (56.5) |
18.4 (65.1) |
21.5 (70.7) |
18.6 (65.5) |
13.1 (55.6) |
6.4 (43.5) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
6.7 (44.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −9.3 (15.3) |
−9.1 (15.6) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
2.3 (36.1) |
8.7 (47.7) |
13.7 (56.7) |
17.0 (62.6) |
14.5 (58.1) |
9.5 (49.1) |
3.8 (38.8) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
3.1 (37.6) |
| Average law °C (°F) | −12.6 (9.3) |
−12.3 (9.9) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
3.9 (39.0) |
9.0 (48.2) |
12.5 (54.5) |
10.7 (51.3) |
6.3 (43.3) |
1.4 (34.5) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−9.9 (14.2) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
| Record law °C (°F) | −41.6 (−42.9) |
−39.3 (−38.7) |
−30.0 (−22.0) |
−19.3 (−2.7) |
−9.8 (14.4) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
−13.4 (7.9) |
−27.5 (−17.5) |
−36.8 (−34.2) |
−41.6 (−42.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 36 (1.4) |
26 (1.0) |
32 (1.3) |
30 (1.2) |
48 (1.9) |
64 (2.5) |
82 (3.2) |
82 (3.2) |
60 (2.4) |
59 (2.3) |
50 (2.0) |
42 (1.7) |
611 (24.1) |
| Average rainy days | 4 | 4 | 6 | 11 | 16 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 20 | 19 | 11 | 6 | 151 |
| Average snawy days | 26 | 24 | 20 | 10 | 3 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 20 | 27 | 139.3 |
| Mean monthly sunshine oors | 27.9 | 70.0 | 117.8 | 177.0 | 263.5 | 282.0 | 288.3 | 217.0 | 126.0 | 65.1 | 24.0 | 9.3 | 1,667.9 |
| Source #1: Погода и Климат (Weather and Climate)[11] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: [12] | |||||||||||||
Twin touns an sister ceeties
eedit
Petrozavodsk is twinned wi:
Alytus, Lithuanie
Brest, Belaroushie
Duluth, Unitit States
Joensuu, Finland
La Rochelle, Fraunce, syne 1973[13]
Neustrelitz, Germany- Neubrandenburg, Germany
Nyborg, Denmark
Ōhara, Japan
Podolsk, Roushie
Portomaggiore, Italy
Mo i Rana, Norawa[14]- Tübingen, Germany
Umeå, Swaeden- Varkaus, Finland
References
eeditNotes
eedit- ↑ a b c d e f g Law #871-ZRK
- ↑ a b Constitution of the Republic of Karelia
- ↑ a b Roushie Federal State Stateestics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 Aw-Roushie Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 Aw-Roushie Population Census] (in Roushie). Federal State Stateestics Service.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Roushie Federal State Stateestics Service. Retrieved 23 Januar 2019.
- ↑ a b c Law #824-ZRK
- ↑ Law #825-ZRK
- ↑ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Roushie). 3 Juin 2011. Retrieved 19 Januar 2019.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Roushie)
- ↑ Roushie Federal State Stateestics Service (21 Mey 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population o Roushie, Its Federal Destricts, Federal Subjects, Destricts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Admeenistrative Centres, an Rural Localities wi Population o Ower 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [Aw-Roushie Population Census o 2002] (in Roushie).CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [Aw Union Population Census o 1989: Present Population o Union an Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts an Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Destricts, Urban Settlements, an Veelages Servin as Destrict Admeenistrative Centres]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [Aw-Union Population Census o 1989] (in Roushie). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute o Demografie at the Naitional Resairch Varsity: Heicher Schuil o Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ "Pogoda.ru.net (Weather and Climate-The Climate of Petrozavodsk)" (in Russian). Weather and Climate. Retrieved 4 October 2012.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ HKO "Climatological Information for Cita, Russia." Archived 2012-12-02 at the Wayback Machine Hong Kong Observatory
- ↑ "La Rochelle: Twin towns". www.ville-larochelle.fr. Archived frae the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 7 November 2009.
- ↑ "Petrozavodsk City Administration. Official website". Archived frae the original on 9 October 2007. Retrieved 10 Januar 2013.
Sources
eedit- Верховный Совет Карельской АССР. №473-ЗРК 30 мая 1978 г. «Конституция Республики Карелия», в ред. Закона №1314-ЗРК от 16 июля 2009 г «О внесении изменений в Конституцию Республики Карелия». Опубликован: отдельной брошюрой. (Supreme Soviet of the Karelian ASSR. #473-ZRK May 30, 1978 Constitution of the Republic of Karelia, as amended by the Law #1314-ZRK of July 16, 2009 On Amending the Constitution of the Republic of Karelia. ).
- Законодательное Собрание Республики Карелия. Закон №871-ЗРК от 29 апреля 2005 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Республики Карелия», в ред. Закона №1207-ЗРK от 9 июня 2008 г «О внесении изменения в Закон Республики Карелия "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Республики Карелия"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: газета "Карелия", №48, 7 мая 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of the Republic of Karelia. Law #871-ZRK of April 29, 2005 On the Administrative and Territorial Structure of the Republic of Karelia, as amended by the Law #1207-ZRK of June 9, 2008 On Amending the Law of the Republic of Karelia "On the Administrative and Territorial Structure of the Republic of Karelia". Effective as of the official publication date.).
- Законодательное Собрание Республики Карелия. Закон №824-ЗРК от 1 декабря 2004 г. «О наделении городских поселений статусом городского округа», в ред. Закона №1548-ЗРK от 3 ноября 2011 г «О внесении изменения в статью 2 Закона Республики Карелия "О наделении городских поселений статусом городского округа"». Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: газета "Карелия", №139, 9 декабря 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of the Republic of Karelia. Law #824-ZRK of December 1, 2004 On Granting Urban Okrug Status to Urban Settlements, as amended by the Law #1548-ZRK of November 3, 2011 On Amending Article 2 of the Law of the Republic of Karelia "On Granting Urban Okrug Status to Urban Settlements". Effective as of the day which is ten days after the day of the official publication.).
- Законодательное Собрание Республики Карелия. Закон №825-ЗРК от 1 декабря 2004 г. «О муниципальных районах в Республике Карелия», в ред. Закона №1694-ЗРK от 2 апреля 2013 г. «О преобразовании муниципальных образований "Нюхчинское сельское поселение" и "Сумпосадское сельское поселение" Беломорского муниципального района и внесении изменений в некоторые законодательные акты Республики Карелия». Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: газета "Карелия", №141, 16 декабря 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of the Republic of Karelia. Law #825-ZRK of December 1, 2004 On the Municipal Districts in the Republic of Karelia, as amended by the Law #1694-ZRK of April 2, 2013 On the Transformation of the Municipal Formations of "Nyukhchinskoye Rural Settlement" and "Sumposadskoye Rural Settlement" of Belomorsky Municipal District of the Republic of Karelia and on Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Republic of Karelia. Effective as of the day which is ten days after the day of the official publication.).
Freemit airtins
eedit- Offeecial wabsteid o Petrozavodsk Archived 2007-10-09 at the Wayback Machine
- Offeecial wabsteid o Petrozavodsk Archived 2020-10-12 at the Wayback Machine (in Roushie)
- Unoffeecial wabsteid o Petrozavodsk Archived 2020-10-20 at the Wayback Machine (in Roushie)
- Offeecial wabsteid o the Buird o Cultur o Petrozavodsky Urban Okrug (in Roushie)
- Kizhi Museum