Hulunbuir
Hulunbuir (Mongolie: 
, Hölün buyir; Cheenese: 呼伦贝尔; pinyin: Hūlúnbèi'ěr) is a region that is govrened as a prefectur-level ceety in northeastren Inner Mongolie, in the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae. Its admeenistrative centre is locatit at Hailar Destrict, its lairgest urban aurie. Major scenic featurs are the heich steppes o the Hulun Buir grasslands, the Hulun an Buir lakes (the latter pairtially in Mongolie), an the Khingan range. Hulun Buir borders Roushie, Mongolie, Heilongjiang province an Hinggan League. Hulunbuir is a linguistically diverse aurie: next tae Mandarin Cheenese, Mongolie dialects sic as Khorchin an Buryat, the Mongolic leid Dagur an some Tungusic leids are spoken thare.
Hulunbuir 呼伦贝尔 | |
|---|---|
| 呼伦贝尔市 | |
 | |
 Hulunbuir (red) in Inner Mongolie (orange) an Cheenae | |
| Coordinates: 49°12′N 119°42′E / 49.200°N 119.700°E | |
| Kintra | Cheenae |
| Region | Inner Mongolie |
| Prefectur seat | Hailar Destrict |
| Area | |
| • Total | 263953 km2 (101,913 sq mi) |
| Population (2004) | |
| • Total | 2,710,000 |
| • Density | 10/km2 (27/sq mi) |
| • Major naitionalities | Han - 81.85% Mongols - 8.6% Manchu - 4.13% |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (Cheenae Staundart) |
| Postal code | 021000 |
| Area code(s) | 0470 |
| Website | http://www.hulunbeier.gov.cn/ |
| Hulunbuir | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 呼倫貝爾 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 呼伦贝尔 | ||||||
| |||||||
| Mongolian name | |||||||
| Mongolian Cyrillic | | ||||||
History
eeditTradeetionally, Hulunbuir wis a pairt o Manchurie, an the eastren pairt o the aurie wis kent as Barga. Frae 1912-1949, during the Republic o Cheenae period (ROC), Hulunbuir wis pairt o Xing'an an Heilongjiang province. Durin the Japanese occupation o Cheenae, Hulunbuir wis annexed intae the Japanese puppet state o Manchukuo, but the ROC did no recognise this development as legal. In the Cheenese Ceevil War, the Communist Pairty o Cheenae gained the support o Inner Mongol leaders lik Ulanhu bi promisin the irredentist expansion o Inner Mongolie intae auries that haed majorities o Han an Manchu fowk.[1] Efter the 1949 Communist revolution in Cheenae, Hulunbuir wis annexed intae Inner Mongolie, but the region kept economic tees tae the rest o Manchurie via the Chinese Eastern Railway.[2]
Durin the Cultural Revolution, the pairts o historic Manchurie inside Inner Mongolie wur briefly restored tae thair oreeginal provinces; Hulunbuir wis gien back tae Heilongjiang frae 1969 tae 1979.[2] Till October 10, 2001, Hulunbuir wis admeenistered as a League. The aurie is 263,953 km2 (101,913 sq mi) an population 2.710 million as o 2004, while the gross domestic product wis RMB 21.326 billion. The jurisdiction aurie o the ceety is actually lairger than mony Cheenese provinces (an 42 U.S. states), an Hulunbuir is recognizit as the lairgest ceety in the warld bi aurie, awtho the actual urban agglomeration is juist a vera sma pairt o the region, an the average population density o the aurie is vera law.
Names
eeditThe ceety wis ance a league (盟) o Inner Mongolie, till 10 October 2001. Durin the Qing Dynasty, it wis kent in Mandarin as "Hūlúnbùyǔ'ěr" (呼伦布雨尔/呼倫布雨爾).
Admeenistrative subdiveesions
eeditHulunbuir is dividit intae 13 different coonty-level jurisdictions: ane destrict, five coonty-level ceeties, fower banners an three autonomous banners.
| Map | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2004 est.) |
Aurie (km²) | Density (/km²) |
| 1 | Hailar Destrict | 海拉尔区 | Hǎilā'ěr Qū | 260,000 | 1,440 | 181 |
| 2 | Manzhouli Ceety | 满洲里市 | Mǎnzhōulǐ Shì | 160,000 | 696 | 230 |
| 3 | Zhalantun Ceety | 扎兰屯市 | Zhālántún Shì | 440,000 | 16,800 | 26 |
| 4 | Yakeshi Ceety | 牙克石市 | Yákèshí Shì | 400,000 | 27,590 | 14 |
| 5 | Genhe Ceety | 根河市 | Gēnhé Shì | 170,000 | 19,659 | 9 |
| 6 | Ergun Ceety | 额尔古纳市 | É'ěrgǔnà Shì | 90,000 | 28,000 | 3 |
| 7 | Arun Banner | 阿荣旗 | Āróng Qí | 320,000 | 12,063 | 27 |
| 8 | New Barag Richt Banner | 新巴尔虎右旗 | Xīnbā'ěrhǔ Yòu Qí | 30,000 | 25,102 | 1 |
| 9 | New Barag Left Banner | 新巴尔虎左旗 | Xīnbā'ěrhǔ Zuǒ Qí | 40,000 | 22,000 | 2 |
| 10 | Auld Barag Banner | 陈巴尔虎旗 | Chénbā'ěrhǔ Qí | 60,000 | 21,192 | 3 |
| 11 | Oroqin Autonomous Banner | 鄂伦春自治旗 | Èlúnchūn Zìzhìqí | 280,000 | 59,800 | 5 |
| 12 | Evenk Autonomous Banner | 鄂温克族自治旗 | Èwēnkèzú Zìzhìqí | 140,000 | 19,111 | 7 |
| 13 | Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner | 莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗 | Mòlìdáwǎ Dáwò'ěrzú Zìzhìqí | 320,000 | 10,500 | 30 |
Demographics (as o 2000)
eedit| ethnic group | population | share |
|---|---|---|
| Han | 2,199,645 | 81.85% |
| Mongols | 231,276 | 8.6% |
| Manchu | 111,053 | 4.13% |
| Daur | 70,287 | 2.62% |
| Hui | 30,950 | 1.15% |
| Evenks | 25,418 | 0.95% |
| Koreans | 8,355 | 0.31% |
| Roushies | 4,741 | 0.18% |
| Oroqen | 3,144 | 0.12% |
| Xibe | 956 | 0.04% |
| Ither | 1,403 | 0.05% |
References
eeditFurther readin
eedit- Jinri Nei Menggu: Hulun Bei'er 今日内蒙古: 呼伦贝尔 (Inner Mongolia the day: Hulun Buir). 内蒙古人民出版社 (Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House), 呼和浩特 Hohhot 1997, ISBN 7204035453, 9+129 pages
Freemit airtins
eedit- Hulunbuir govrenment wabsteid Archived 2005-04-15 at the Wayback Machine (in Cheenese)
- Inner Mongolie postcodes Archived 2008-10-11 at the Wayback Machine (in Inglis)