Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Roushie: Ю́жно-Сахали́нск) is a ceety an the admeenistrative center o Sakhalin Oblast, Roushie. It wis formerly cried Vladimirovka (Влади́мировка) frae 1882 tae 1905, then Toyohara (Japanese: 豊原市 Hepburn: Toyohara-shi)) frae 1905 tae 1946. Population: 181,728 (2010 Census);[3] 175,085 (2002 Census);[8] 159,299 (1989 Census).[9]
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Южно-Сахалинск | |
|---|---|
 View ower a residential aurie o Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk | |
.svg) Banner  Coat airms | |
Location o Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk  | |
  Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Location o Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk  Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Sakhalin Oblast) | |
| Coordinates: 46°58′N 142°44′E / 46.967°N 142.733°ECoordinates: 46°58′N 142°44′E / 46.967°N 142.733°E | |
| Kintra | Roushie |
| Federal subject | Sakhalin Oblast[1] |
| Foondit | 1882 |
| Ceety status syne | 1946 |
| Govrenment | |
| • Heid | Andrey Lobkin |
| Area | |
| • Total | 164.66 km2 (63.58 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 50 m (160 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 181,728 |
| • Estimate (2018)[4] | 198,973 (+9.5%) |
| • Rank | 99th in 2010 |
| • Density | 1,100/km2 (2,900/sq mi) |
| • Subordinatit tae | ceety o oblast signeeficance o Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk[1] |
| • Caipital o | Sakhalin Oblast[1], ceety o oblast signeeficance o Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk[1] |
| • Urban okrug | Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Urban Okrug[5] |
| • Caipital o | Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Urban Okrug[5] |
| Time zone | UTC+11 ([6]) |
| Postal code(s)[7] | 693000 |
| Dialin code(s) | +7 4242 |
| Twin touns | Hakodate, Asahikawa |
| OKTMO ID | 64701000001 |
History
eedit
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk began as a smaa Roushie dounset cried Vladimirovka, foondit bi convicts in 1882. The Treaty o Portsmouth in 1905, which broucht an end tae the Russo-Japanese War o 1904–1905, awairded the soothren hauf o the Sakhalin Island tae Japan. Vladimirovka wis renamed Toyohara (meanin "boontiful plain"), an wis the prefect caipital o Japanese Karafuto Prefectur.
Efter the end o Warld War II, the Japanese portion o Sakhalin island wis occupied bi Soviet troops. Awnership o the ceety transferred back tae the Soviet Union an it wis renamed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. Toun status wis grantit tae it in 1946.
Admeenistrative an municipal status
eeditYuzhno-Sakhalinsk is the admeenistrative center o the oblast.[1] Within the framework o admeenistrative divisions, it is, thegither wi ten rural localities, incorporatit as the ceety o oblast signeeficance o Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk—an administrative unit wi the status equal tae that o the destricts.[1] As a municipal diveesion, the ceety o oblast signeeficance o Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is incorporatit as Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Urban Okrug.[5]
Economy an infrastructur
eedit
Due tae significant investment frae ile companies lik ExxonMobil an Shell, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk haes experienced substantial economic growthe. Awtho this growthe haes primarily occurred in the northren pairt o the island, baith companies maintain heidquarters an residential complexes in the ceety o Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk itself. The demand for naitural resoorces bi the Japanese, Cheenese, an Sooth Koreans haes ensured continued prosperity in the foreseeable futur for the entire island.
Thare haes been significant criticism, includin frae Presidential Envoy Kamil Iskhakov, that Sakhalin is nae carin for its ceetizens. Despite sizable gas deposits an incomin investments frae gas companies, the regional admeenistration daes nae yet hae plans for the installation o gas services on the island. The oblast an aa continues tae hae the heichest rate o juvenile crime in aw o Roushie, an mair nor 40% o its businesses are unprofitable.[10]
Oot o very few remainin Japanese biggins in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, ane nou functions as the local museum.
Transportation
eeditThe ceety is served bi the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Airport. The ceety is an aa the hub for the island's nairae gauge railwey network, the Sakhalin Railwey, biggit unner the Japanese admeenistration in the early 20t century.
Eddication
eeditInstitutes o heicher eddication in the ceety include Sakhalin State Varsity an Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk institute o economics, law an informatics. An aa thare are some branches o ither heich schuils:
- Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk institute (branch) o Roushie State tred-economics varsity
- Branch o Far East State varsity o railways
- Branch o Modren Academy o the humanities
- Branch o The Paceefic State economics varsity
- Branch o Roushie economics academy named efter G.V. Plekhanov
- Branch o Far East law institute
Geografie an climate
eeditThe ceety is locatit on the Susuya River. It is the lairgest ceety on the island, an the anly ane wi mair nor 100,000 indwallers. The straicht-line distance tae Moscow is 6,662 kilometer (4,140 mi).
Due tae restreections, foreigners within tae leave Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in order tae traivel tae ony ither pairt o the Sakhalin Oblast an its internal an territorial watters are required tae seek permission frae the Federal Security Service (FSB) an the Border Guard. Scuba divin an recreatin on the seacoast is permitted anly in places defined bi the Border Guard.[11]
The climate is humid continental (Köppen Dfb) wi mild simmers an cauld winters. Maritime influences can be seen in that precipitation is much heicher than in interior Roushie an that simmers are distinctly cuiler than in Khabarovsk or Irkutsk, while winters are much milder. Simmers are frequently foggy, reducin the amoont o sunshine.
| Climate data for Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record heich °C (°F) | 4.3 (39.7) |
6.2 (43.2) |
12.5 (54.5) |
22.9 (73.2) |
27.8 (82.0) |
30.8 (87.4) |
30.8 (87.4) |
34.7 (94.5) |
29.0 (84.2) |
22.8 (73.0) |
18.1 (64.6) |
7.4 (45.3) |
34.7 (94.5) |
| Average heich °C (°F) | −6.7 (19.9) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
6.9 (44.4) |
13.4 (56.1) |
17.7 (63.9) |
20.8 (69.4) |
22.4 (72.3) |
18.9 (66.0) |
12.2 (54.0) |
3.2 (37.8) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
8.3 (46.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −12.2 (10.0) |
−11.6 (11.1) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
1.7 (35.1) |
6.9 (44.4) |
11.7 (53.1) |
15.5 (59.9) |
17.3 (63.1) |
13.2 (55.8) |
6.5 (43.7) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
−8.6 (16.5) |
2.8 (37.0) |
| Average law °C (°F) | −17.0 (1.4) |
−17.3 (0.9) |
−10.7 (12.7) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
2.5 (36.5) |
7.5 (45.5) |
12.0 (53.6) |
13.6 (56.5) |
8.5 (47.3) |
1.8 (35.2) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−13.1 (8.4) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
| Record law °C (°F) | −31.6 (−24.9) |
−34.8 (−30.6) |
−31.1 (−24.0) |
−17.3 (0.9) |
−10.0 (14.0) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
1.5 (34.7) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
−9.0 (15.8) |
−22.6 (−8.7) |
−29.0 (−20.2) |
−34.8 (−30.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 49 (1.9) |
37 (1.5) |
49 (1.9) |
59 (2.3) |
67 (2.6) |
51 (2.0) |
83 (3.3) |
110 (4.3) |
114 (4.5) |
99 (3.9) |
81 (3.2) |
62 (2.4) |
861 (33.9) |
| Average rainy days | 0.3 | 0.4 | 2 | 9 | 17 | 17 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 9 | 2 | 132.7 |
| Average snawy days | 25 | 24 | 24 | 13 | 3 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 20 | 26 | 139.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 83 | 81 | 78 | 76 | 77 | 83 | 86 | 86 | 83 | 80 | 81 | 83 | 82 |
| Mean monthly sunshine oors | 133.9 | 142.3 | 186.0 | 194.4 | 200.9 | 208.3 | 171.1 | 156.2 | 187.2 | 163.7 | 115.2 | 100.8 | 1,960 |
| Source #1: Pogoda.ru.net[12] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: [13] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
eeditMaist residents are ethnic Roushies, but thare an aa exists a sizable population o Koreans. O the 43,000 Sakhalin Koreans, hauf are estimatit tae live in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, comprisin roughly 12% o the ceety's population. An aa smawer nummers o indeegenous minorities, sic as Ainu, Nivkhs, an Oroks can be foond.
Internaitional relations
eeditTwin touns an sister ceeties
eeditYuzhno-Sakhalinsk is twinned wi:
Freemit airtins
eedit
Travel guide tae Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk frae Wikivoyage
- Unofficial website of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (in Roushie)
- Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: City's History in Architecture Archived 2005-05-25 at the Wayback Machine
- The Sakhalin Independent Archived 2021-05-11 at the Wayback Machine, weekly Inglis-leid newspaper
- Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Blizzard Photos[deid airtin]
- Steam and the Railways of Sakhalin
References
eeditNotes
eedit- ↑ a b c d e f g Law #25-ZO
- ↑ http://www.dagun.ru/files/Documents/gen_plan/yuzhno-sakh/3/adm_shema.rar.
- ↑ a b Roushie Federal State Stateestics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 Aw-Roushie Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 Aw-Roushie Population Census] (in Roushie). Federal State Stateestics Service.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Roushie Federal State Stateestics Service. Retrieved 23 Januar 2019.
- ↑ a b c Law #524
- ↑ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Roushie). 3 Juin 2011. Retrieved 19 Januar 2019.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Roushie)
- ↑ Roushie Federal State Stateestics Service (21 Mey 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population o Roushie, Its Federal Destricts, Federal Subjects, Destricts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Admeenistrative Centres, an Rural Localities wi Population o Ower 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [Aw-Roushie Population Census o 2002] (in Roushie).CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [Aw Union Population Census o 1989: Present Population o Union an Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts an Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Destricts, Urban Settlements, an Veelages Servin as Destrict Admeenistrative Centres]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [Aw-Union Population Census o 1989] (in Roushie). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute o Demografie at the Naitional Resairch Varsity: Heicher Schuil o Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ "Vostokmedia.ru - PolPred Iskhakov visits Sakhalin Oblast". Archived frae the original on 20 September 2007. Retrieved 16 Mey 2013.
- ↑ "Freedom of movement for foreigners on Sakhalin restricted". Archived frae the original on 16 Juin 2013. Retrieved 16 Mey 2013.
- ↑ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). Retrieved 8 September 2007.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ http://www.wunderground.com/NORMS/DisplayIntlNORMS.asp?CityCode=32150&Units=metric Archived 2012-11-06 at the Wayback Machine Seasonal Weather Averages
Soorces
eedit- Сахалинская областная Дума. Закон №25-ЗО от 23 марта 2011 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Сахалинской области», в ред. Закона №141-ЗО от 27 декабря 2011 г «О внесении изменений в Закон Сахалинской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Сахалинской области"». Вступил в силу 9 апреля 2011 г.. Опубликован: "Губернские ведомости", №55(3742), 29 марта 2011 г. (Sakhalin Oblast Duma. Law #25-ZO of March 23, 2011 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Sakhalin Oblast, as amended by the Law #141-ZO of December 27, 2011 On Amending the Law of Sakhalin Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Sakhalin Oblast". Effective as of April 9, 2011.).
- Сахалинская областная Дума. Закон №524 от 21 июля 2004 г. «О границах и статусе муниципальных образований в Сахалинской области», в ред. Закона №120-ЗО от 24 декабря 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Сахалинской области "О границах и статусе муниципальных образований в Сахалинской области" и Закон Сахалинской области "О внесении изменений в Закон Сахалинской области "О муниципальных выборах в Сахалинской области"». Вступил в силу 1 января 2005 г. Опубликован: "Губернские ведомости", №175–176(2111–2112), 31 июля 2004 г. (Sakhalin Oblast Duma. Law #524 of July 21, 2004 On the Borders and Status of the Municipal Formations in Sakhalin Oblast, as amended by the Law #120-ZO of December 24, 2012 On Amending the Law of Sakhalin Oblast "On the Borders and Status of the Municipal Formations in Sakhalin Oblast" and the Law of Sakhalin Oblast "On Amending the Law of Sakhalin Oblast "On the Municipal Elections in Sakhalin Oblast". Effective as of January 1, 2005.).