Deir ez-Zor
Deir ez Zor, spelt Dayr az-Zawr, Der Ezzor, Deir Azzor an aw, an ither variants (Arabic: دير الزور; Syriac: ܕܝܪܐ ܙܥܘܪܬܐ, Armenie: Տէր Զօր, Դեր Զոր, Ter Zor), is the lairgest ceety in northeastren Sirie on the Euphrates River an caipital o the Deir ez-Zor Govrenorate, 450 km tae the northeast frae the caipital Damascus.[2] As in 2009, there wur aroond 511,000 fowk livin in the metropolitan aurie o the ceety.
Deir ez-Zor دير الزور Deir Ezzor, Deir Azzor | |
|---|---|
 A collage o Deir ez-Zor | |
  Deir ez-Zor Location in Sirie | |
| Coordinates: 35°20′N 40°9′E / 35.333°N 40.150°E | |
| Kintra |  Sirie |
| Governorate | Deir ez-Zor Govrenorate |
| Destrict | Deir ez-Zor Destrict |
| Govrenment | |
| • Teep | Governorate |
| Elevation | 210 m (690 ft) |
| Population (2004 census[1]) | |
| • City | 211,857 |
| • Metro | 239,196 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Area code(s) | 051 |
Names
eeditAmang Siries an neighbourin regions, Ad-Deir is uised for short tae indicate Deir ez Zor. The Current name, that haes been extendit tae the region aroond it, indicates an auncient steid for ane o the Early Christian secludit monasteries spreid syne the persecution times an Apostolic Age throu-oot Mesopotamie.[3] Awtho Deir, that is Arabic for "monastery", thocht tae be kept throu-oot Medieval an Modren Age renamin, Zor, that indicates the riverbank bush, anerlie appeared in some late Ottoman records.[4]
History
eedit
The modren toun wis expandit bi the Ottoman Empire in 1867 aroond the pre-existin toun. In 1915, the ceety becam a major destination point in the Armenie Genocide; This haed been the lairgest destination o Armenies killed in the Armenie Genocide. A memorial commemoratin this tragedy wis erectit in the ceety in 1991.[5] Fraunce occupeed Deir ez-Zor in 1921 an made it the seat o a lairge garrison.
Meanwhile, the region wis locally ruled bi Haj-Fadel Abboud, a member o an aristocratic family. In 1941 Breetish-led forces defeatit the Vichy French durin the Sirie-Lebanon campaign, that included a battle ower Deir, an they haundit admeenistration o the region tae the Free French. In 1946 it becam pairt o the independent Republic o Sirie.
Deir ez-Zor is situatit 85 km tae the northwast o the airchaeological remains o Dura-Europos an 120 km northwast o the remains o the auncient ceety o Mari. Durin Roman times it wis an important tradin post atween the Roman Empire an Indie. Conquered bi Zenobia, it becam pairt o the kinrick o Palmyra. Efter a successive wave o conquests, it wis feenally destroyed bi the Mongols as they swept athort the Middle East.
Climate
eedit| Climate data for Deir Ezzor | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average heich °C (°F) | 12.5 (54.5) |
15.2 (59.4) |
19.6 (67.3) |
25.8 (78.4) |
31.9 (89.4) |
37.2 (99.0) |
40.3 (104.5) |
39.8 (103.6) |
35.8 (96.4) |
29.5 (85.1) |
20.7 (69.3) |
14.0 (57.2) |
26.9 (80.3) |
| Average law °C (°F) | 2.3 (36.1) |
3.7 (38.7) |
6.8 (44.2) |
12.0 (53.6) |
17.2 (63.0) |
22.3 (72.1) |
25.4 (77.7) |
24.8 (76.6) |
20.3 (68.5) |
14.1 (57.4) |
17.3 (63.1) |
3.2 (37.8) |
14.1 (57.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 28.2 (1.11) |
25.3 (1.00) |
27.1 (1.07) |
19.8 (0.78) |
8.5 (0.33) |
0.5 (0.02) |
0.4 (0.02) |
0 (0) |
0.2 (0.01) |
6.0 (0.24) |
14.7 (0.58) |
25.3 (1.00) |
156 (6.16) |
| Average precipitation days | 8 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 44 |
| Source: World Meteorological Organization | |||||||||||||
Economy
eeditThe ceety an its rural surroondin is a fertile an prosperous fermin aurie, wi livestock-breedin (for awassi sheep), cereals an cotton crops. Mony agribusiness institutions wirk there as well.
Syne the discovery o licht crude petroleum in the Sirie desert it haes become a centre for the kintra's petroleum extraction industry. It is an aw a minor centre for tourism wi mony tourist facilities such as traditional French-style riverbank restaurants, up tae 5-starn hotels, a hub for trans-desert travel an an airport (IATA code: DEZ) in Al-Jafra suburb. There are salt mines nearbi.
Cultur
eeditThe majority o Deiries (frae Deir ez-Zor) are Arabs, maist o them are fermers frae Jazira an urbanised bedouins o the Sirie Desert, wi few Kurdish, Armenian an Syriac families. Successive waves o new settlers frae surroondin kintrasides an provinces wur hivily relatit tae severe drocht in late 1950s an 1990s maist o them leukin for staundart jobs an givin away fermin an herdin life-style. North Mesopotamie dialect o Arabic is uised there, wi slicht influence o the North Sirie ane can be noticed as well. Dominatit bi Sunni Muslims, Christianity in Deir ez-Zor can be traced back tae the Apostolic Age, wi few kirks an chapels belang tae different denominations are active there.
The ceety is an aw famous for the Deir ez-Zor suspension brig (Arabic: الجسر المعلق) which spans the Euphrates[2] an wis completit in 1927. The Deir ez-Zor Museum keeps thoosans o antiquities collectit frae nearbi aircheological steids in Northren Mesopotamie. Main campuses o Al-Furat University an Al-Jazeera University are an aw locatit there.[6] Mony ither polytechnic schuils an professional institutes provides tertiary education are based in the ceety as well. The local daily newspaper Al Furat Archived 2017-12-18 at the Wayback Machine an few ither publications are published there an circulatit in neighboruin Al-Hasakah an Raqqa govrenorates.
Internaitional relations
eeditDeir ez-Zor is hame tae the third Armenie diplomatic mission in Sirie; the Honorary Consulate o the Republic o Armenie, opened on 11 Februar 2010.[7]
Deir ez-Zor Airport is an unner-development domestic an internaitional terminal an important hub maistly connectin wi Damascus an destinations in the gulf region.
Twin ceeties
eedit
See also
eeditReferences
eedit- ↑ "Deir ez-Zor city population". Archived frae the original on 31 Julie 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2012.
- ↑ a b "Syrian Ministry of Tourism (in Arabic)". Archived frae the original on 27 Apryle 2020. Retrieved 10 Mey 2007.
- ↑ Moffett, S. H. (1992): A History of Christianity in Asia: Beginnings to 1500. Harper, San Francisco. ISBN 0060657790
- ↑ Shaw, S. J. (1978): Ottoman Census System and Population, 1831–1914. Archived 2012-10-23 at the Wayback Machine International Journal of Middle East Studies, 9: 325-338.
- ↑ Monument and Memorial Complex at Der Zor, Syria
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived frae the original on 2 November 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2011.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ↑ Thawra news (in Arabic) Archived 2012-03-11 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Al-Baath news (in Arabic) Archived 2011-09-03 at the Wayback Machine
Freemit airtins
eedit| Wikimedia Commons haes media relatit tae Dayr az-Zawr. |
- Short history o Deir Ezzor Archived 2008-08-04 at the Wayback Machine
- Furat Cham Hotel Palace Archived 2006-01-03 at the Wayback Machine
- Badia Cham Hotel Archived 2006-01-03 at the Wayback Machine
- watch "Isti'mariyah - windward between Naples and Baghdad"