Balashikha
Balashikha (Roushie: Балашиха) is a ceety in Moscow Oblast, Roushie, locatit on the Pekhorka River 1 kilometer (0.62 mi) east o Moscow. Population: 215,494 (2010 Census);[4] 147,909 (2002 Census);[7] 135,841 (1989 Census);[8] 92,400 (1970).
Balashikha Балашиха | |
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Location o Balashikha  | |
  Balashikha Location o Balashikha  Balashikha Balashikha (Moscow Oblast) | |
| Coordinates: 55°49′N 37°58′E / 55.817°N 37.967°ECoordinates: 55°49′N 37°58′E / 55.817°N 37.967°E | |
| Kintra | Roushie |
| Federal subject | Moscow Oblast[1] |
| Foondit | 1830[2] |
| City status syne | 1939 |
| Govrenment | |
| • Bodi | Cooncil o Deputies |
| • Head | Vladimir Samodelov |
| Area | |
| • Total | 218.61 km2 (84.41 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 150 m (490 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 215,494 |
| • Rank | 86th in 2010 |
| • Density | 990/km2 (2,600/sq mi) |
| • Subordinatit tae | Balashikha City Under Oblast Jurisdiction[1] |
| • Caipital o | Balashikha City Under Oblast Jurisdiction[1] |
| • Urban okrug | Balashikha Urban Okrug[3] |
| • Caipital o | Balashikha Urban Okrug[3] |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (Moscow Time  [5]) |
| Postal code(s)[6] | 143xxx |
| Dialin code(s) | +7 495 |
| Twin touns | Pernik, Martin |
| OKTMO ID | 46704000001 |
| Website | www |
Etymologie
eeditBalashikha is an unuisual name in Roushie an several legends exist as tae why it wis chosen as the name o this conurbation. The wird balash is Turkic an can be translatit as an inn, i.e., a place o temporar respite for travelers. Anither accoont tells o a walthy Tatar, namit Balash, a stryndant o Genghis Khan o the Gowden Horde who haed his residence on this steid. Maist uisual explanation is that it derivit frae the wird balakh, which means caltha palustris plant. Anither version: in [[Finno-Ugric leids Bala-shika means laund o celebrations, laund o laughter an fun.[9] Before Slavs in this aurie lived Finno-Ugric fowks.
History
eeditBalashikha wis establisht in 1830.[2] It grantit toun status in 1939.[10] Several landwart hamlets haed existit lang afore on the steid o the modren ceety.
The ceety staunds on the famous Vladimir Heich-gate, which led oot o Moscow tae the east. This wis the route alang which convictit creeminals wur mairched tae forcit labor camps in Siberie. The road wis renamit Gorky Heich-gate in the Soviet era. The failur o the Dizembrist Revolt against Tsar Nicholas I led tae the execution o its ringleaders an the exile o mony nobles tae Siberie. Soviet-era schuilchilder wur tauld that the preesoners wur mairched in chains alang this road follaeed bi thair wives. In truth, the Dizembrist preesoners wur sent frae St. Petersburg, then the caipital o Roushie, throu Yaroslavl, an no throu Moscow an Balashikha, an the story wis inventit as pairt o celebrations o the 100t anniversary o the event in 1925.
Atween 1830 an 1870, a cotton factory wis in operation in the aurie, wi its fabric cried Balashikha. A railwey station wis biggit at the end o the 19t century, again cried Balashikha Station.
As it grew, Balashikha absorbit ither veelages, includin Gorenki, a suburban estate o Coont Andrey Razumovsky, an Pekhra-Yakovlevskoye, an estate o Prince Galitzine, the latter bein in uise for 250 years frae 1591 tae 1828. This is the steid o a stane kirk, biggit frae 1777 tae 1782.
Saltykovka, a pairt o Balashikha, haes lang been kent for its attractions tae the airtistic commonty. Isaak Levitan, the famous landscape painter, livit thare in 1879. Lev Tolstoy wis anither frequent visitor.
Soviet period
eeditSeveral institutions wur foondit in Balashikha efter the October Revolution, includin ane dedicatit tae the production of fur.
Durin the Soviet era, Balashikha became a major industrial centre wi industries in metallurgie, aviation industrie, cryogenic technologie, machinery, an ither fields.
Balashikha sent mony o its sons tae the front tae fecht the Germans durin Warld War II. Amang those who focht an dee'd wis Ivan Fleorov who commandit a Katyusha rocket diveesion an is remembered bi several monuments an museums in the aurie.
Alang wi mony ither Roushie Orthodox Kirks, the Cathedral o Saunt Alexander Nevsky wis demolisht bi the govrenment. The Cathedral wis blown up in the 1960s but wis rebuilt, on its oreeginal steid, in 2002 efter the collapse o communism.
Balashikha is the steid o a lairge Roushie Airmy base an wis closed tae foreigners durin the Soviet era. It wis the heidquairters o the 1st Corps o the Soviet Air Defence Forces an is nou tae acome the heidquairters o the Operational-Strategic Command for Missile-Space Defence.
It is hame tae several muisic schuils an aw, includin the Sviridov Schuil o Airts.
Modrenity
eedit
The Balashikha Maternity Hoose wis designatit on 1 Julie 2003, tae be the Moscow Oblast Perinatal Center. This facility will nou function as a regional perinatal care facility for heich-risk mithers an infants an a perinatal halth eddication centre for Moscow Oblast.
Awtho no pairt o the extensive Moscow subwey seestem, Balashikha is hame tae mony office wirkers who commute tae Moscow each day. It haes several thrivin mercats an retail centers an is quickly modrenizin. It is surroondit bi attractive firthland an kintraside.
Source: "Balashikha in stories" (Балашиха в очерках и зарисовках) - А. Галанин и др.
Geografie
eeditThe ceety is kent for its unique river an watterwey seestem. The Pekhorka River seestem covers an aurie o 40 kilometer (25 mi) frae north tae sooth an 20 kilometer (12 mi) frae east tae wast, an mony sma lakes an ponds wur creatit bi dammin tae provide watter power for the cotton mills in the 19t century.
Admeenistrative an municipal status
eeditAthin the framewirk o admeenistrative diveesions, it is, thegither wi twal landwart localities, incorporatit as Balashikha Ceety Unner Oblast Jurisdiction—an admeenistrative unit wi the status equal tae that o the destricts.[1] As a municipal diveesion, Balashikha Ceety Unner Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporatit as Balashikha Urban Okrug.[3]
In the past, Balashikha served as the admeenistrative centre o Balashikhinsky District. On 1 Januar 2011, the destrict wis abolisht.
Attractions
eeditInternaitional relations
eeditTwin touns an sister ceeties
eeditBalashikha is twinned wi:
References
eeditNotes
eedit- ↑ a b c d e Law #12/2001-OZ
- ↑ a b Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 35. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
- ↑ a b c d Law #99/2006-OZ
- ↑ a b Roushie Federal State Stateestics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 Aw-Roushie Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 Aw-Roushie Population Census] (in Roushie). Federal State Stateestics Service.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Roushie). 3 Juin 2011. Retrieved 19 Januar 2019.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Roushie)
- ↑ Roushie Federal State Stateestics Service (21 Mey 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population o Roushie, Its Federal Destricts, Federal Subjects, Destricts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Admeenistrative Centres, an Rural Localities wi Population o Ower 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [Aw-Roushie Population Census o 2002] (in Roushie).CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [Aw Union Population Census o 1989: Present Population o Union an Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts an Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Destricts, Urban Settlements, an Veelages Servin as Destrict Admeenistrative Centres]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [Aw-Union Population Census o 1989] (in Roushie). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute o Demografie at the Naitional Resairch Varsity: Heicher Schuil o Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ "Топонимия Балашихи". Archived frae the original on 26 Julie 2010. Retrieved 2 Februar 2013.
- ↑ "Balashikha. Official page. History". Archived frae the original on 22 Apryle 2015. Retrieved 2 Februar 2013.
Sources
eedit- Московская областная Дума. Закон №11/2013-ОЗ от 31 января 2013 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Московской области», в ред. Закона №72/2015-ОЗ от 5 мая 2015 г. «Об отнесении города Озёры Озёрского района Московской области к категории города областного подчинения Московской области, упразднении Озёрского района Московской области и внесении изменений в Закон Московской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Московской области"». Вступил в силу на следующий день после официального опубликования (13 января 2013 г.). Опубликован: "Ежедневные Новости. Подмосковье", №24, 12 февраля 2013 г. (Moscow Oblast Duma. Law #11/2013-OZ of Januar 31, 2013 On the Admeenistrative-Territorial Structur o Moscow Oblast, as amended by the Law #72/2015-OZ of Mey 5, 2015 On Re-Clessifeein the Toun o Ozyory in Ozyorsky Destrict o Moscow Oblast as the Toun Unner Oblast Jurisdiction, on Abolishin Ozyorsky Destrict o Moscow Oblast, an on Amendin the Law o Moscow Oblast "On the Admeenistrative-Territorial Structur o Moscow Oblast". Effective as of the day follaein the day o the offeecial publication (Januar 13, 2013).).
- Московская областная Дума. Закон №99/2006-ОЗ от 7 июля 2006 г. «О городском округе Балашиха и его границе», в ред. Закона №101/2012-ОЗ от 6 июля 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Московской области "О городском округе Балашиха и его границе"». Вступил в силу на следующий день после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ежедневные Новости. Подмосковье", №123, 11 июля 2006 г. (Moscow Oblast Duma. Law #99/2006-OZ of July 7, 2006 On Balashikha Urban Okrug and Its Border, as amended by the Law #101/2012-OZ of July 6, 2012 On Amending the Law of Moscow Oblast "On Balashikha Urban Okrug and Its Border". Effective as of the day following the day of the official publication.).
Freemit airtins
eedit- Offeecial wabsteid o Balashikha Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine (in Roushie)
- Unoffeecial wabsteid o Balashikha Archived 2013-01-15 at the Wayback Machine (in Roushie)