Battle o Carham

The Battle o Carham (c. 1018) wis focht atween the Kinrick o Scotland an the Northumbrians at Carham on Tweed (Northumberland the nou).

Battle o Carham
Date 1018 Location Watter o Tweid Result Scots victory
Belligerents
Kinrick o Ingland	Kinrick o Scotland Kinrick o Strathclyde
Commanders an leaders
Uhtred, bairn o Waldef	Malcolm II o Scotland Owen the Bald

Uhtred, Waltheof o Bamburgh's lad, focht the jynt forces o Malcolm II o Scotland an Owen the Bald (King o Strathclyde). Their jynt forces clyted Earl Uhtred an his men, makin the eastern border o Scotland at the Watter o Tweid.

Notorietie

Whither the battle is historically wirdy o tent is a matter o controversy, maistlins wi regard tae the airt o Lowden. Scots historians claim Lowden wis won for Scotland at Carham an that Scotland's borders were expanded forby; Marjorie O. Anderson says that the Inglis king Edgar the Peacefu gied Lothian tae king Kenneth II o Scotland in 973. In Inglis sources, the Battle o Carham isnae gien ony special notorietie. Still ithers, siclike G.W.S. Barrow hold, that "What English annalists recorded as the 'cession' of Lothian was... the recognition by a powerful but extremely remote south-country king of a long-standing fait accompli."

Scots' haudin o the south-east o Scotland wis kent bi Inglis kings; whan kings siclike Cnut an William the Conqueror invaded, they didnae seek permanent guidal o the airt.

Eftercome

Efter the Battle o Carham, muckle o modren Scotland wis under the guidal o the King o Scots, altho Norsemen aye held sway in Ross, Caithness, Sutherland, an The Isles. The Lairds o Gallowa wis pairt-unthirled. Scotland or Scotia referred tae whit is Scotland north o the Forth an Clyde the day; it wasnae till the time o king David I o Scotland tha fowk in the south-east o the kinrick thocht o themsalves as Scots. In his ain charters (e.g. St Cuthbert's in Embro), he still referred tae the men o Lowden as Inglis. Woolf asserts that "the likelihood is that these are under representative glimpses of a much longer conflict which escaped the detailed gaze of our chroniclers because far more interesting things were happening in Southumbria and Ireland at the time."

Bibliographie

• Anderson, M.O. (1980). Kings and Kingship in Early Scotland. Scottish Academic Press.
• De obsessione Dunelmi et de probitate Uhtredi comitis, et de comitibus qui ei successerunt ("On the siege of Durham, and the character of Earl Uhtred, and the earls who succeeded him"), C. J. Morris. (1992) in Marriage and Murder in 11th Century Northumbria: A Study of De Obsessione Dunelmi. University of York.
• Duncan, A.A.M., "The Battle of Carham, 1018" The Scottish Historical Review, Vol. 55, No. 159, 1976
• Plummer, C. Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel, Oxford, 1892.
• Stenton, Frank (1971). Anglo-Saxon England, 3rd ed. Oxford UP.
• Whitlock, D. (1961). Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Revised Translation, Eyre and Spottiswoode.
• Woolf, A. (2007) The New Edinburgh History of Scotland Vol. 2: From Pictland To Alba 789-1070, Edinburgh UP.

Forder readin

• Daly, Rannoch (2018). Birth of the Border: The Battle of Carham 1018 AD. Alnwick: Wanney Books. ISBN 978-1-9997905-5-4
• McGuigan, Neil; Woolf, Alex, eds. (2018). The Battle of Carham: A Thousand Years On (in English). Edinburgh: John Donald. pp. 231–39. ISBN 978-1910900246.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)