Istanbul
Istanbul (Turkis: İstanbul [isˈtɑnbuɫ] (
listen)), historically kent as Constantinople an Byzantium, is the maist populous ceety in Turkey an the kintra's economic, cultural, an historic centre. Istanbul is a transcontinental ceety in Eurasie, straddlin the Bosphorus strait (which separates Europe an Asie) atween the Sea o Marmara an the Black Sea. Its commercial an historical centre lies on the European side an aboot a third o its population leeves on the Asie side.[4]
The ceety is the admeenistrative centre o the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (coterminous wi Istanbul Province), baith hostin a population o aroond 14.7 million residents.[1] Istanbul is ane o the warld's maist populous ceeties an ranks as the warld's 7t-lairgest ceety proper an the lairgest European ceety.
Istanbul İstanbul | |
|---|---|
Ceety | |
| İstanbul | |
 Clockwise frae tap: View o Gowden Horn atween Galata an Seraglio Pynt includin the historic auries; Maiden's Touer; a nostalgic tram on İstiklal Avenue; Levent business destrict wi Dolmabahçe Palace; Ortaköy Mosque in front o the Bosphorus Brig; an Hagia Sophia. | |
  Istanbul Location in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 41°01′N 28°58′E / 41.017°N 28.967°ECoordinates: 41°01′N 28°58′E / 41.017°N 28.967°E | |
| Kintra | Turkey |
| Region | Marmara |
| Province | Istanbul |
| - Byzantium | c. 660 BC |
| - Constantinople | 330 AD |
| - Istanbul | 1453 (Ottoman Turkis) 1923 (Modren Turkis) 1930 (internaitionally) |
| Destricts | 39 |
| Govrenment | |
| • Mayor | Ekrem İmamoğlu (CHP) |
| Area | |
| • Metro | 5343 km2 (2,063 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| • Ceety | 14,025,646 |
| • Rank | 1st |
| • Density | 12029 - 7664/km2 (−7,820/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 14,100,000 |
| • Metro | 14,377,019 |
| • Metro density | 2691/km2 (6,970/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal code | 34000 tae 34850 |
| Area code(s) | (+90) 212 (European side) (+90) 216 (Asian side) |
| Website | Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality |
Foondit unner the name o Byzantion (Βυζάντιον) on the Sarayburnu promontory aroond 660 BCE, the ceety developed tae acome ane o the maist signeeficant in history. Efter its reestablishment as Constantinople in 330 CE, it served as an imperial caipital for awmaist 16 centuries, during the Roman an Byzantine (330–1204 an 1261–1453), the Laitin (1204–1261), an the Ottoman (1453–1922) empires.[5] It wis instrumental in the advancement o Christianity during Roman an Byzantine times, afore the Ottomans conquered the ceety in 1453 an transformed it intae an Islamic stranghauld an the seat o the Ottoman Caliphate.[6]
Istanbul's strategic poseetion on the historic Silk Road,[7] rail networks tae Europe an the Middle East, an the anerly sea route atween the Black Sea an the Mediterranean hae produced a cosmopolitan populace, awtho less sae syne the establishment o the Turkis Republic in 1923. Owerleuked for the new caipital Ankara during the interwar period, the ceety haes syne regained much o its prominence. The population o the ceety haes increased tenfauld syne the 1950s, as migrants frae across Anatolie hae muived in an ceety leemits hae expandit tae accommodate them.[8][9] Airts, muisic, film, an cultural festivals war established at the end o the 20t century an continue tae be hostit bi the ceety the day. Infrastructur impruivements hae produced a complex transportation network.
Approximately 12.56 million foreign veesitors arrived in Istanbul in 2015, five year efter it wis named a European Caipital o Cultur, makkin the ceety the warld's fift maist popular tourist destination.[10] The ceety's biggest attraction is its historic centre, pairtially leetit as a UNESCO Warld Heritage Steid, an its cultural an enterteenment hub can be foond athort the ceety's naitural harbor, the Gowden Horn, in the Beyoğlu destrict. Considered a global ceety,[11] Istanbul haes ane o the fastest-growin metropolitan economies in the warld.[12] It hosts the heidquarters o mony Turkis companies an media ootlets an accoonts for mair nor a quarter o the kintra's gross domestic product.[13] Hopin tae caipitalise on its revitalisation an rapid expansion, Istanbul haes bid for the Simmer Olympics five times in twinty years.[14]
References
eeditFootnotes
eedit- ↑ a b "Tukey:Provinces and Major Cities". www.citytpopulation.de. Citypopulation. 31 December 2014. Retrieved 26 Juin 2015.
The population of the Turkish cities and provinces according to census results and latest register-based tabulations
- ↑ "All urban agglomerations of the world with a population of 1 million inhabitants or more". www.citypopulation.de. Citypopulation. 1 Apryle 2015. Retrieved 26 Juin 2015.
- ↑ "The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2014". Turkish Statistical Institute. 31 December 2014. Retrieved 29 Januar 2015.[deid airtin]
- ↑ WCTR Society; Unʼyu Seisaku Kenkyū Kikō 2004, p. 281
- ↑ Çelik 1993, p. xv
- ↑ Masters & Ágoston 2009, pp. 114–5
- ↑ Dumper & Stanley 2007, p. 320
- ↑ Turan 2010, p. 224
- ↑ "Population and Demographic Structure". Istanbul 2010: European Capital of Culture. Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. 2008. Archived frae the original on 23 Julie 2011. Retrieved 27 Mairch 2012.
- ↑ "MasterCard Global Destination Cities Index". Archived frae the original on 5 Apryle 2016. Retrieved 13 Apryle 2017.
- ↑ "The World According to GaWC 2010". Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Study Group and Network. Loughborough University. Archived frae the original on 24 September 2011. Retrieved 8 Mey 2012.
- ↑ Berube, Alan (1 December 2010). "Global Growth on the Orient Express". Brookings Institution blog "The Avenue". Retrieved 14 Apryle 2013.
- ↑ OECD Territorial Reviews: Istanbul, Turkey. Policy Briefs. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Mairch 2008. ISBN 978-92-64-04383-1.
- ↑ "IOC selects three cities as Candidates for the 2020 Olympic Games". The International Olympic Committee. 24 Mey 2012. Retrieved 18 Juin 2012.
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