American Revolutionary War

The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), the American War o Unthirldom,[N 1] or simply the Revolutionary War in the Unitit States, began as a war atween the Kinrick o Great Breetain an the Thirteen Colonies, but gradually grew intae a warld war atween Breetain on ane side an the newly furmed Unitit States, Fraunce, Netherlands, an Spain on the ither. American unthirldon wis achieved an European pouers recognized the unthirldom o the Unitit States, wi mixed results for the ither naitions involved.[N 2]

American Revolutionary War

Clockwise frae tap left: Battle o Bunker Hill, Daith o Montgomery at the Battle o Quebec, Battle o Cowpens, "Moonlight Battle"
DateAprile 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783
(8 years, 4 months, 2 weeks and 1 day)
LocationEastren North Americae, Gibraltar, Balearic Islands, Central Americae;
French, Dutch, an British colonial possessions in the Indian subcontinent, Africae an elsewhere;
European coastal watters, Caribbean Sea, Atlantic an Indian Oceans
Result

American independence

Territorial
changes
Britain loses aurie east o Mississippi River an sooth o Great Lakes & St. Lawrence River tae independent Unitit States & tae Spain; Spain gains East Florida, Wast Florida an Minorca; Britain cedes Tobago an Senegal tae Fraunce.
Dutch Republic cedes Negapatnam tae Britain.
Belligerents

 Unitit States
Kinrick o Fraunce Fraunce (1778–83)
Spain Spain (1779–83)
 Dutch Republic (1780–83)


Co-belligerents:
Mysore (1779–84)
Vermont (1777–83)
Oneida
Tuscarora
Watauga Association
Catawba

Lenape

 Great Breetain


Co-belligerents
Onondaga
Mohawk
Cayuga
Seneca

Cherokee
Commanders an leaders
United States George Washington
United States Nathanael Greene
United States Horatio Gates
United States Richard Montgomery 
United States Daniel Morgan
United States Henry Knox
United States Benedict Arnold (Defectit)
United States Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben
United States Marquis de La Fayette
Kinrick o Fraunce Comte de Rochambeau
Kinrick o Fraunce Comte de Grasse
Kinrick o Fraunce Duc de Crillon
Kinrick o Fraunce Bailli de Suffren
Spain Bernardo de Gálvez
Spain Luis de Córdova
Spain Juan de Lángara
Hyder Ali
Tipu Sultan
...full leet
Kinrick o Great Breetain Lord North
Kinrick o Great Breetain Sir William Howe
Kinrick o Great Breetain Thomas Gage
Kinrick o Great Breetain Sir Henry Clinton
Kinrick o Great Breetain Lord Cornwallis (POW)
Kinrick o Great Breetain Sir Guy Carleton
Kinrick o Great Breetain John Burgoyne (POW)
Kinrick o Great Breetain George Eliott
Kinrick o Great Breetain Benedict Arnold
Kinrick o Great Breetain George Rodney
Kinrick o Great Breetain Richard Howe
Kinrick o Great Breetain Sir Hector Munro
Kinrick o Great Breetain Wilhelm von Knyphausen
Joseph Brant
...full leet
Strenth

At Hicht:
35,000 Continentals
44,500 Militia
5,000 Continental Navy sailors (at hicht in 1779)[1]
53 ships (active service at some pynt during the war)[1]
12,000 French (in Americae)

~60,000 French an Spainyie (in Europe)[2]

At Hicht:
56,000 Breetish
78 Ryal Navy ships in 1775[1] 171,000 Sailors[3]
30,000 Germans[4]
50,000 Lyalists[5]

13,000 Natives[6]
Casualties an losses

American: 25,000 dead

  • 8,000 in battle
  • 17,000 bi ither causes

Tot American casualties: up tae 50,000 dead an woondit[7]


Allies: 6,000± French an Spainyie (in Europe)
2,000 French (in Americae)

20,000± Soldiers frae the Breetish airmy dead an woondit 19,740 sailors dead (1,240 in Battle) [3]
42,000 sailors desertit [3]

7,554 German dead

Notes

eedit
  1. Breetish writers generally favor "American War o Unthirldom", "American Rebellion", or "War o American Unthirldom". See Omohundro Institute o Early American History an Culture, Bibliography at the Michigan State University for uisage in teetles.
  2. In this airticle, indwallers o the thirteen colonies that supportit the American Revolution are primarily referred tae as "Americans", wi occasional references tae "Patriots", "Whigs", "Rebels" or "Revolutionaries". Colonists who supported the Breetish in opposin the Revolution are referred tae as "Lyalists" or "Tories". The geographical aurie o the thirteen colonies is eften referred tae simply as "America".

References

eedit
  1. a b c Jack P. Greene and J. R. Pole. A Companion to the American Revolution (Wiley-Blackwell, 2003), p. 328.
  2. Montero[whit? clarification needit] p. 356
  3. a b c Mackesy (1964), pp. 6, 176 (British seamen)
  4. A. J. Berry, A Time of Terror (2006) p. 252
  5. Claude, Van Tyne, The Loyalists in the American Revolution (1902) pp. 182–3.
  6. Greene and Pole (1999), p. 393; Boatner (1974), p. 545
  7. American dead and wounded: Shy, pp. 249–50. The lower figure for number of wounded comes from Chambers, p. 849.