Voivodeships o Poland

The voivodeship,^[1] or province,^[2] cried in Pols województwo [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ] (plural województwa), haes been a heich-level admeenistrative subdiveesion o Poland syne the 14t century.

The Pols local govrenment reforms adoptit in 1998, which went intae effect on 1 Januar 1999, creatit saxteen new voivodeships. Thir replacit the 49 umwhile voivodeships that haed existit frae 1 Julie 1975.

The day's voivodeships are maistly namit efter historical an geografical regions, while those prior tae 1998 generally teuk thair names frae the ceeties on which thay wur centered. The new units range in aurie frae unner 10,000 km² (3,900 sq mi) (Opole Voivodeship) tae ower 35,000 km² (14,000 sq mi) (Masovian Voivodeship), an in population frae ane million (Lubusz Voivodeship) tae ower five million (Masovian Voivodeship).

Admeenistrative authority at voivodeship level is shared atween a govrenment-appointit govrenor cried a voivode (Pols wojewoda), an electit assembly cried a sejmik, an an executive chosen bi that assembly. The leader o that executive is cried the marszałek województwa (voivodeship marshal). Voivodeships are further dividit intae powiats (coonties) an gminas (communes or municipalities): see Administrative diveesion o Poland.

Voivodeships syne 1999

Admeenistrative pouers

Competences an pouers at voivodeship level are shared beatween the voivode (govrenor), the sejmik (regional assembly) an the executive. In maist cases thir institutions are aw based in ane ceety, but in Kuyavie-Pomeranie an Lubusz Voivodeship the voivode's offices are in a different ceety frae those o the executive an the sejmik. Voivodeship caipitals are leetit in the table belaow.

The voivode is appointit bi the Prime Meenister an is the regional representative o the central govrenment. The voivode acts as the heid o central govrenment institutions at regional level (sic as the polis an fire services, passport offices, an various inspectorates), manages central govrenment property in the region, owersees the functionin o local govrenment, coordinates actions in the field o public safety an environment pertection, an exercises special pouers in emergencies. The voivode's offices collectively are kent as the urząd wojewódzki.

The sejmik is electit ivery fower years, at the same time as the local authorities at powiat an gmina level. It passes bylaws, includin the voivodeship's development strategies an budget. It elects the marszałek an ither memmers o the executive, an haulds them tae accoont.

The executive (zarząd województwa), heidit bi the marszałek, drafts the budget an development strategies, implements the resolutions o the sejmik, manages the voivodeship's property, an deals wi mony aspects o regional policy, includin management o European Union fundin. Its offices collectively are kent as the urząd marszałkowski.

Map an table o voivodeships

**Pols voivodeships syne 1999**
Abbreviation	code	caur plates	Voivodeship	Caipital	Aurie km²	Population (31 December 2003)	Population (Juin 30, 2004)
DS	02	D	Lawer Silesie (dolnośląskie)	Wrocław	19 947.76	2 898 313	2 895 729
KP	04	C	Kuyavian-Pomeranian (kujawsko-pomorskie)	Bydgoszcz¹ Toruń²	17 969.72	2 068 142	2 067 548
LU	06	L	Lublin (lubelskie)	Lublin	25 114.48	2 191 172	2 187 918
LB	08	F	Lubusz (lubuskie)	Gorzów Wielkopolski¹ Zielona Góra²	13 984.44	1 008 786	1 009 177
LD	10	E	Łódź (łódzkie)	Łódź	18 219.11	2 597 094	2 592 568
MP	12	K	Lesser Poland (małopolskie)	Kraków	15 144.10	3 252 949	3 256 171
MA	14	W	Masovie (mazowieckie)	Warsaw	35 597.80	5 135 732	5 139 545
OP	16	O	Opolskie	Opole	9 412.47	1 055 667	1 053 723
PK	18	R	Podkarpackie	Rzeszów	17 926.28	2 097 248	2 097 325
PD	20	B	Podlaskie (podlaskie)	Białystok	20 179.58	1 205 117	1 204 036
PM	22	G	Pomeranie (pomorskie)	Gdańsk	18 292.88	2 188 918	2 192 404
SL	24	S	Silesie (śląskie)	Katowice	12 294.04	4 714 982	4 707 825
SW	26	T	Świętokrzyskie	Kielce	11 672.34	1 291 598	1 290 176
WM	28	N	Warmie-Masurie (warmińsko-mazurskie)	Olsztyn	24 202.95	1 428 885	1 428 385
WP	30	P	Greater Poland (wielkopolskie)	Poznań	29 825.59	3 359 932	3 362 011
ZP	32	Z	Wast Pomeranie (zachodniopomorskie)	Szczecin	22 901.48	1 696 073	1 695 708
(¹) – seat o voivode, (²) – seat o sejmik an marszałek

See an aw

Notes

↑ Spelt "voivodship," "voievodship," "voievodeship" an aw.
↑
The wurd "voivodeship" appears in some lairger Inglis dictionaries, such as the OED an Webster's Third New International Dictionary, but it is no in common uisage. Thus, tae facilitate unnerstaundin ootside Poland, the wird "province" is a recommendit translation: "Jednostki podziału administracyjnego Polski tłumaczymy tak: województwo—province..." ("Pols admeenistrative units are translatit as follaes: województwo—province..."). Arkadiusz Belczyk, "Tłumaczenie polskich nazw geograficznych na język angielski" Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine ("Translation of Polish Geographical Names into English"), 2002-2006. Examples: New Provinces of Poland (1998) Archived 2011-06-08 at the Wayback Machine, Map of Poland Archived 2011-04-26 at the Wayback Machine, English names of Polish provinces Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine. More examples:
- "Follaein the reform o the admeenistrative structure in 1973-1975, the number o provinces (województwa) wis increased frae 22 tae 49... [I]ncreasin the number o provinces meant the reduction o each in size. In this wey Warsaw wis able tae dilute the poleetical importance o the provincial pairty chiefs." "Poland", The Encyclopedia Americana, 1986, volume 22, p. 312.
- "Poland is divided into 49 provinces." "Poland", The Columbia Encyclopedia, sixth edition, edited by Paul Lagassé, Columbia University Press, 2000, p. 2256.
- "Local government in Poland is organized on three levels. The largest units, at the regional level, are the województwa (provinces)..." "Poland", Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, 2010, Macropaedia, volume 25, p. 937.
- "GOVERNMENT... Administrative divisions: 16 provinces (wojewodztwa, singular–wojewodztwo)..." "Poland," in Central Intelligence Agency, The CIA World Factbook 2010, New York, Skyhorse Publishing, Inc., 2009, ISBN 9781602397279, p. 546. The same information appears in the current online CIA World Factbook --> "Poland --> Administrative divisions". Archived 2019-08-18 at the Wayback Machine Note that in this source, where "English translations" of province names are given, they are in the noun ("Silesia"), not the adjective ("Silesian"), form.

Freemit airtins

Regions o Poland Archived 2010-07-26 at the Wayback Machine
Toponymic Guidelines Of Poland for Map Editors and Other Users Archived 2019-11-24 at the Wayback Machine Heid Office O Geodesy And Cartography, 2002
CIA World Factbook --> "Poland --> Administrative divisions" Archived 2019-08-18 at the Wayback Machine

[1] Spelt "voivodship," "voievodship," "voievodeship" an aw.

[2] The wurd "voivodeship" appears in some lairger Inglis dictionaries, such as the OED an Webster's Third New International Dictionary, but it is no in common uisage. Thus, tae facilitate unnerstaundin ootside Poland, the wird "province" is a recommendit translation: "Jednostki podziału administracyjnego Polski tłumaczymy tak: województwo—province..." ("Pols admeenistrative units are translatit as follaes: województwo—province..."). Arkadiusz Belczyk, "Tłumaczenie polskich nazw geograficznych na język angielski" Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine ("Translation of Polish Geographical Names into English"), 2002-2006. Examples: New Provinces of Poland (1998) Archived 2011-06-08 at the Wayback Machine, Map of Poland Archived 2011-04-26 at the Wayback Machine, English names of Polish provinces Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine. More examples:
"Follaein the reform o the admeenistrative structure in 1973-1975, the number o provinces (województwa) wis increased frae 22 tae 49... [I]ncreasin the number o provinces meant the reduction o each in size. In this wey Warsaw wis able tae dilute the poleetical importance o the provincial pairty chiefs." "Poland", The Encyclopedia Americana, 1986, volume 22, p. 312.

"Poland is divided into 49 provinces." "Poland", The Columbia Encyclopedia, sixth edition, edited by Paul Lagassé, Columbia University Press, 2000, p. 2256.

"Local government in Poland is organized on three levels. The largest units, at the regional level, are the województwa (provinces)..." "Poland", Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, 2010, Macropaedia, volume 25, p. 937.

"GOVERNMENT... Administrative divisions: 16 provinces (wojewodztwa, singular–wojewodztwo)..." "Poland," in Central Intelligence Agency, The CIA World Factbook 2010, New York, Skyhorse Publishing, Inc., 2009, ISBN 9781602397279, p. 546. The same information appears in the current online CIA World Factbook --> "Poland --> Administrative divisions". Archived 2019-08-18 at the Wayback Machine Note that in this source, where "English translations" of province names are given, they are in the noun ("Silesia"), not the adjective ("Silesian"), form.

[3] "Follaein the reform o the admeenistrative structure in 1973-1975, the number o provinces (województwa) wis increased frae 22 tae 49... [I]ncreasin the number o provinces meant the reduction o each in size. In this wey Warsaw wis able tae dilute the poleetical importance o the provincial pairty chiefs." "Poland", The Encyclopedia Americana, 1986, volume 22, p. 312.

[4] "Poland is divided into 49 provinces." "Poland", The Columbia Encyclopedia, sixth edition, edited by Paul Lagassé, Columbia University Press, 2000, p. 2256.

[5] "Local government in Poland is organized on three levels. The largest units, at the regional level, are the województwa (provinces)..." "Poland", Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, 2010, Macropaedia, volume 25, p. 937.

[6] "GOVERNMENT... Administrative divisions: 16 provinces (wojewodztwa, singular–wojewodztwo)..." "Poland," in Central Intelligence Agency, The CIA World Factbook 2010, New York, Skyhorse Publishing, Inc., 2009, ISBN 9781602397279, p. 546. The same information appears in the current online CIA World Factbook --> "Poland --> Administrative divisions". Archived 2019-08-18 at the Wayback Machine Note that in this source, where "English translations" of province names are given, they are in the noun ("Silesia"), not the adjective ("Silesian"), form.

[1]

[2]