Pavlodar
Pavlodar (Kazakh an Roushie: Павлодар) is a ceety in northeastren Kazakhstan an the caipital o Pavlodar Province. It is locatit 450 km northeast o the naitional caipital Astana, an 405 km sootheast o the Roushie ceety o Omsk alang the Irtysh River. As o 2010[update], the ceety haes a population o 331710.[2] The population o Pavlodar is componit predominantly o ethnic Roushies an Kazakhs wi significant Ukrainian, German an Tatar minorities. The ceety is servit bi Pavlodar Airport.
Pavlodar Павлодар | |
|---|---|
 Banner  Coat airms | |
| Coordinates: 52°18′N 76°57′E / 52.300°N 76.950°E | |
| Kintra | Kazakhstan |
| Province | Pavlodar Province |
| Established | 1720 |
| Incorporatit | 1861 |
| Govrenment | |
| • Akim (mayor) | Bakauov, Bolat Zhumabekovich |
| Area | |
| • City | 400 km2 (200 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 100 km2 (40 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 123 m (404 ft) |
| Population (2010 [2]) | |
| • City | 353 930[1] |
| • Density | 798.5/km2 (2,068/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+6 (UTC+6) |
| Postal code | 140000 - 140017 |
| Area code(s) | +7 7182 |
| Website | http://www.pavlodar.gov.kz |
History eedit
Ane o the auldest ceeties in northren Kazakhstan, Pavlodar wis foondit in 1720 as Koryakovsky, an Imperial Roushie ootpost. The dounset wis creatit tae establish control ower the region's salt lochs, an important soorce o valuable salt. In 1861 the dounset wis renamit Pavlodar an incorporatit as a toun. Pavlodar's significance wis due in lairge measur tae the substantial agricultural an salt-producin industries that haed developit thare despite the toun's relatively smaw population. Pavlodar's population numbered anerly aboot 8,000 in 1897. The name Pavlodar signifees The Gift o Paul, an wis chosen tae commemorate the birth o the Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich o Roushie.[3]
Efter 1955, the Soviet Govrenment's Virgin Lands Campaign providit the impetus for the rapid growthe an development o modren Pavlodar. As pairt o the program, lairge nummers o young men an weemen frae throuoot the Soviet Union settled in the ceety, rapid industrial an commercial expansion follaeed. Frae the mid-1960s on, Pavlodar grew tae acome a major industrial centre o baith the Kazakh SSR an o the Soviet Union; the lairgest local industries are the manufactur o ferm machinery, aluminum, an industrial chemicals; an ile refinery wis completit in 1978. Acause o a major airms an armour manufacturin facility locatit in the ceety, Pavlodar wis closed tae foreigners till 1992.
Geografie eedit
Climate eedit
Pavlodar haes a temperate continental climate wi lang, cauld winters an het simmers. The average temperatur in Januar is −15.8 °C (4 °F) wi absolute observit laws reachin −45 °C (−49 °F) tae −47 °C (−53 °F). In Julie the temperatur averages 21.5 °C (71 °F). Yearly precipitation amoonts tae 303 mm (12 in).
| Climate data for Pavlodar | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record heich °C (°F) | 4.2 (39.6) |
4.0 (39.2) |
24.6 (76.3) |
33.0 (91.4) |
38.0 (100.4) |
40.8 (105.4) |
42.0 (107.6) |
40.6 (105.1) |
36.1 (97.0) |
29.2 (84.6) |
17.9 (64.2) |
7.2 (45.0) |
42.0 (107.6) |
| Average heich °C (°F) | −10.8 (12.6) |
−9.3 (15.3) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
12.5 (54.5) |
21.1 (70.0) |
26.6 (79.9) |
28.0 (82.4) |
25.9 (78.6) |
19.1 (66.4) |
10.5 (50.9) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
−8 (18) |
9.4 (48.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −15.8 (3.6) |
−14.9 (5.2) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
5.6 (42.1) |
14.0 (57.2) |
19.7 (67.5) |
21.5 (70.7) |
19.0 (66.2) |
12.2 (54.0) |
4.3 (39.7) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
3.3 (38.0) |
| Average law °C (°F) | −20.6 (−5.1) |
−20 (−4) |
−12 (10) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
7.0 (44.6) |
12.8 (55.0) |
15.3 (59.5) |
12.6 (54.7) |
6.2 (43.2) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
−10.0 (14.0) |
−17.4 (0.7) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
| Record law °C (°F) | −45 (−49) |
−42.8 (−45.0) |
−37.2 (−35.0) |
−27.2 (−17.0) |
−6.1 (21.0) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
4.2 (39.6) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−9 (16) |
−21.5 (−6.7) |
−40 (−40) |
−43.9 (−47.0) |
−45 (−49) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 20 (0.8) |
16 (0.6) |
13 (0.5) |
18 (0.7) |
28 (1.1) |
31 (1.2) |
55 (2.2) |
32 (1.3) |
21 (0.8) |
25 (1.0) |
23 (0.9) |
21 (0.8) |
303 (11.9) |
| Average rainy days | 0.7 | 0.5 | 3 | 8 | 12 | 12 | 15 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 89.2 |
| Average snawy days | 18 | 15 | 11 | 3 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 3 | 12 | 18 | 80.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 79 | 79 | 80 | 62 | 54 | 55 | 60 | 61 | 63 | 71 | 80 | 80 | 69 |
| Source: pogoda.ru.net[4] | |||||||||||||
Demographics eedit
The ceety's population is 331,119 (as o 1 Januar 2012), an the extendit urbanisit aurie haes 342,321 indwallers.[5]
Ethnic groups are as follaes (as o 1 Januar 2010):[6][7]
- Roushies — 151 709 (45.74%)
- Kazakhs — 128 102 (38.62%)
- Ukrainians — 22 184 (6.69%)
- Germans — 9 058 (2.73%)
- Tatars — 7 752 (2.34%)
- Belaroushies — 2 852 (0.86%)
- Ingusheties — 1 279 (0.39%)
- Moldovans — 954 (0.29%)
- Azeris — 802 (0.24%)
- Chechens — 800 (0.24%)
- Koreans — 594 (0.18%)
- Pols — 574 (0.17%)
- Bulgaries — 475 (0.15%)
- Chuvash — 425 (0.14%)
- Bashkirs — 415 (0.13%)
- Ithers — 5 470 (1.65%)
- Tot — 331 710 (100.00%)
Economy eedit
In 2012 Pols rollin stock manufacturer Pesa Bydgoszcz annooncit its intentions tae big a tram assembly plant in Pavlodar, in conjunction wi the ceety's plans tae buy up tae 100 new trams frae the manufacturer tae shore up its agin public transport infrastructur.[8]
Sports eedit
FC Irtysh is a Kazakh fitbaa club based at the Tsentralny Stadium in Pavlodar. Anither notable club formerly based in Pavlodar, FC Energetik, haes syne relocatit tae Ekibastuz.
The Chess Federation o Pavlodar organises frequent ceety-wide competitions sic as «Pavlodar Open 2007» an «The Pavlodar Regional Cup», a fast chess competeetion.[9] Several FIDE masters, an grandmasters includin Rinat Zhumabayev, Pavel Kotsur, Yuri Nikitin Vladimir Grebenshikov, an Yelena Ankudinova, pairticipate regularly in the events.
Infrastructur eedit
Public transportation eedit
Pavlodar haes an 86 km streetcar (tram) netwirk, which began service in 1965 wi, as o 2012, 20 regular an 3 special routes. The netwirk haes a 60% share o the local public transport mercat. Housomeivver its fleet o 115 trams are due tae be replacit. In 2012 the ceety annooncit plans tae purchase 100 new trams in conjunction wi the construction o a new tram factory bi Pols manufacturer PESA SA. In addeetion, Pavlodar haes bus an minibus (marshrutka) service.[8][10]
Eddication eedit
Several varsities are locatit in Pavlodar, amang thaim:
- Pavlodar State Varsity (namit efter S. Toraigyrov)
- Pavlodar State Pedagogical Institute
Sister ceeties eedit
References eedit
- ↑ Город Павлодар Archived 2015-04-16 at the Wayback Machine Департамент статистики Павлодарской области
- ↑ a b "Pavlodar Statistics". Archived frae the original on 22 Julie 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
- ↑ Pavlodar Kazakhstan
- ↑ —Погода и Климат. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived frae the original on 27 Juin 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2013.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ↑ "Департамент статистики Павлодарской области (Oblast statistical agency)". Archived frae the original on 23 Apryle 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
- ↑ "Агентство Республики Казахстан по статистике. Численность населения Республики Казахстан по областям, городам и районам, полу и отдельным возрастным группам, отдельным этносам на начало 2010 года (Kazakh Statistical Agency". Archived frae the original on 27 Juin 2012. Retrieved 26 Februar 2021.
- ↑ a b ""Pesa to establish tram assembly plant in Kazakhstan", Railway Gazette, 4 May 2012". Archived frae the original on 21 Juin 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
- ↑ Anton Skurygin (27 September 2007). "Pavlodar Regional Cup on Fast Chess 2007" (in Roushien). Chess in Pavlodar. Archived frae the original on 23 Juin 2012. Retrieved 29 Mairch 2008.
- ↑ Павлодарский трамвай (Pavlodar Tramway)