Anthony Eden
Robert Anthony Eden, 1st Earl o Avon, KG, MC, PC (12 Juin 1897 – 14 Januar 1977) wis a Breetish Conservative politeecian who served three periods as Foreign Secretar an then a relatively brief term as Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick frae 1955 tae 1957.
The Earl o Avon | |
|---|---|
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| Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick | |
| In office 6 Aprile 1955 – 10 Januar 1957 | |
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Precedit bi | Sir Winston Churchill |
| Succeedit bi | Harold Macmillan |
| Depute Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick | |
| In office 26 October 1951 – 6 Aprile 1955 | |
| Prime Meenister | Sir Winston Churchill |
| Precedit bi | Herbert Morrison |
| Succeedit bi | Rab Butler[a] |
| Leader o the Conservative Pairty | |
| In office 6 Aprile 1955 – 10 Januar 1957 | |
| Precedit bi | Sir Winston Churchill |
| Succeedit bi | Harold Macmillan |
| Secretar o State for Foreign Affairs | |
| In office 28 October 1951 – 7 April 1955 | |
| Prime Meenister | Sir Winston Churchill |
| Precedit bi | Herbert Morrison |
| Succeedit bi | Harold Macmillan |
| In office 22 December 1940 – 26 Julie 1945 | |
| Prime Meenister | Winston Churchill |
| Precedit bi | The Viscount Halifax |
| Succeedit bi | Ernest Bevin |
| In office 22 December 1935 – 20 Februar 1938 | |
| Prime Meenister | |
| Precedit bi | Sir Samuel Hoare, Bt |
| Succeedit bi | The Viscoont Halifax |
| Leader o the Hoose o Commons | |
| In office 22 Februar 1942 – 26 Julie 1945 | |
| Prime Meenister | Winston Churchill |
| Precedit bi | Sir Stafford Cripps |
| Succeedit bi | Herbert Morrison |
| Secretar o State for War | |
| In office 11 Mey 1940 – 22 December 1940 | |
| Prime Meenister | Winston Churchill |
| Precedit bi | Oliver Stanley |
| Succeedit bi | David Margesson |
| Secretar o State for Dominion Affairs | |
| In office 3 September 1939 – 14 Mey 1940 | |
| Prime Meenister | Neville Chamberlain Winston Churchill |
| Precedit bi | Sir Thomas Inskip |
| Succeedit bi | The Viscount Caldecote |
| Laird Privy Seal | |
| In office Juin 1934 – 7 Juin 1935 | |
| Prime Meenister | Ramsay MacDonald |
| Precedit bi | Stanley Baldwin |
| Succeedit bi | The Marquess o Londonderry |
| Member o Pairlament for Warwick an Leamington | |
| In office 6 December 1923 – 10 Januar 1957 | |
| Precedit bi | Ernest Pollock |
| Succeedit bi | John Hobson |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Robert Anthony Eden 12 Juin 1897 Windlestone Haw, Coonty Durham, Ingland |
| Dee'd | 14 Januar 1977 (aged 79) Alvediston, Salisbury, Wiltshire, Ingland |
| Restin place | Kirkyard o St Mary's, Alvediston |
| Naitionality | Breetish |
| Poleetical pairty | Conservative |
| Spoose(s) |
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| Bairns |
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| Alma mater | Christ Kirk, Oxford |
| Profession | Member o Pairlament |
| Religion | Anglican |
| Militar service | |
| Allegiance |  Unitit Kinrick |
| Service/brainch |  Breetish Airmy |
| Years o service | 1914–1918, 1939[1] |
| Rank | Major |
| Unit | Keeng's Ryal Rifle Corps |
| Battles/wars | Warld War I |
| Awairds | Militar Cross |
| a. ^ Office vacant frae 6 Aprile 1955 tae 13 Julie 1962. | |
Achievin rapid promotion as a young Member o Pairlament, he becam Furrin Secretar aged 38, afore resignin in protest at Neville Chamberlain's appeasement policy taewart Mussolini's Italy.[2][3] He again held that poseetion for maist o the Seicont Warld War, an a third time in the early 1950s. Haein been depute tae Winston Churchill for awmaist 15 years, he succeedit him as the leader o the Conservative Pairty an prime meenister in Apryle 1955, an a month later wan a general election.
Eden's warldwide reputation as an opponent o appeasement, a "man o peace", an a skilled diplomat wis owershaidaed in 1956 whan the Unitit States refuised tae support the Anglo-French militar response tae the Suez Creesis, that creetics athort pairty lines regairdit as an historic setback for Breetish foreign policy, seegnallin the end o Breetish predominance in the Middle East.[4] Maist historians argie that he made a series o blunners, espeicially nae realisin the deepth o American opposeetion tae militar action.[5] Twa month efter orderin an end tae the Suez operation, he resigned as prime meenister on grunds o ill heal an acause he wis widely suspectit o haein misled the Hoose o Commons ower the degree o collusion wi Fraunce an Israel.[6]
Eden is generally rankit amang the least successfu Breetish prime meenisters o the 20t century,[7] awtho twa braidly sympathetic biografies (in 1986 an 2003) hae gane some wey tae shiftin the balance o opeenion.[8] Biografer D. R. Thorpe descrived the Suez Creesis as "a truly tragic end tae his premiership, an ane that came tae assume a disproportionate importance in ony assessment o his career."[9]
References
eedit- ↑ As Territorial, pre-ootbreak o Warld War II.
- ↑ Robert Mallett, "The Anglo‐Italian war trade negotiations, contraband control and the failure to appease Mussolini, 1939–40." Diplomacy and Statecraft 8.1 (1997): 137–167.
- ↑ Churchill 1948
- ↑ David Dutton: Anthony Eden. A Life and Reputation (London, Arnold, 1997).
- ↑ Tony Shaw, Eden, Suez & the Mass Media: Propaganda & Persuasion during the Suez Crisis (1996)
- ↑ Keith Layborn (2002). Fifty Key Figures in Twentieth Century British Politics. Routledge. p. 102. ISBN 9781134588749. Archived frae the original on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 8 Mey 2016.
- ↑ "Churchill 'greatest PM of 20th Century'". bbc.co.uk. Archived frae the original on 29 October 2005. Retrieved 29 December 2005.
- ↑ Robert Rhodes James (1986) Anthony Eden; D.R. Thorpe (2003) Eden
- ↑ Thorpe (2003) Eden