Wikipedia

Acre

This airticle is aboot unit o area measur. For ither uisses, see Acre (disambiguation).

The acre is a unit o area uised in the imperial an U.S. customar seestems. It is equivalent tae 43,560 square feet. An acre is aboot 40% o a hectare – slichtly smawer than an American fitbaa field.

Comparison o 1 Acre wi some Imperial an metric units o aurie (detailed view)

The acre is commonly uised in the Unitit States, Antigua an Barbuda[1] American Samoa,[2] the Bahamas,[3] Belize,[4] the British Virgin Islands,[5] the Cayman Islands,[6] Dominica,[7] the Falkland Islands,[8] Grenada,[9] Guam,[10] the Northren Mariana Islands,[11] Indie, Jamaica,[12] Montserrat,[13] Myanmar, Pakistan, Samoa,[14] Saunt Lucia,[15] Saunt Helena,[16] Sauntt Kitts an Nevis,[17] Saunt Vincent an the Grenadines,[18] Turks and Caicos,[19] an the Unitit States Virgin Islands.[20] It is commonly uised in the Unitit Kinrick, Canadae an Australie, awtho the metric seestem is uised in legislation.

The internaitional seembol o the acre is ac, an is defined as 1/640 o a square mile. The maist commonly uised acre the day is the internaitional acre. In the Unitit States baith the internaitional acre an the slichtly different US survey acre are in uise. The maist common uise o the acre is tae measur tracts o land. Ane internaitional acre is defined as exactly 4046.8564224 square metres.

Durin the Middle Ages, a acre wis the amoont o land that coud be pleuched in ane day wi a yoke o oxen an measured bi ane chain in width (22 yards), an ane furlang, or 10 chains in lenth (220 yards), yieldin 4840 square yards.

Description

eedit

Ane acre equals 0.0015625 square miles, 4,840 square yards, 43,560 square feet[21] or aboot 4,047 square metre (0.405 hectare) (see belaw). While aw modren variants o the acre conteen 4,840 square yards, thare are alternative definitions o a yard, sae the exact size o an acre depends on which yard it is based on. Oreeginally, an acre wis unnerstuid as a selion o land sizit at fowerty perches (660 ft) lang an fower perches (66 ft) wide;[22] this mey hae been unnerstuid as an approximation o the amoont o laund a yoke o oxen coud pleuch in ane day an aw. A square enclosin ane acre is approximately 69.57 yards, or 208 feet 9 inches (63.63 metre) on a side. As a unit o measur, an acre haes nae prescribit shape; ony area o 43,560 square feet is a acre.

The acre is aften uised tae express areas o laund in the Unitit States an in kintras whaur the Imperial Seestem is still in uise. As o 2010, the acre is no uised offeecially in the Unitit Kinrick but is still aften seen on estate agents' buirds. In the metric seestem, the hectare is commonly uised for the same purpose. A acre is aboot 40% o a hectare.

Differences atween internaitional an U.S. survey acres

eedit

In the internaitional yard an poond greement o 1959 the Unitit States an five kintras o the Commonweel o Naitions defined the lenth o the internaitional yard tae be exactly 0.9144 metres.[23] Consequently, the internaitional acre is exactly 4,046.8564224 square metres.

Baith the internaitional acre an the U.S. survey acre contain 1/640 o a square mile or 4,840 square yards, but thare are alternative definitions o a yard (see survey fuit an survey yard), sae the exact size o a acre depends on which yard it is based on. The U.S. survey acre is aboot 4,046.872 609 874 252 square metres; its exact value (4046 13,525,426/15,499,969 m2) is based on a inch defined bi 1 metre = 39.37 inches exactly, as established bi the Mendenhall Order. Surveyors in the Unitit States uise baith internaitional an survey feet, an consequently, baith varieties o acre.[24]

Syne the difference atween the U.S. survey acre an internaitional acre is anerly aboot a quairter o the size o a A4 sheet o paper (0.016 square metres, 160 square centimetres or 24.8 square inches), it is uisually no important which ane is bein discussed. Areas are seldom measured wi sufficient accuracy for the different definitions tae be detectable.[25]

Sooth Asie

eedit

In Indie, especially in Sooth Indie, residential plots are measured in cents or decimel, which is ane hundrert o a acre, or 435.60 square feet (40.469 m2). In Sri Lanka the diveesion o a acre intae 160 perches or 4 roods is common.[26]

Equivalence tae ither units o area

eedit

1 internaitional acre is equal tae the follaein metric units:

1 United States survey acre is equal tae:

1 acre (baith variants) is equal tae the follaein customar units:

  • 66 feet × 660 feet (43,560 square feet)
  • 10 square chains (1 chain = 66 feet = 22 yards = 4 rods = 100 links)
  • 1 acre is approximately 208.71 feet × 208.71 feet (a square)
  • 4,840 square yards
  • 43,560 square feet
  • 160 perches. A perch is equal tae a square rod (1 square rod is 0.00625 acre)
  • 4 roods
  • A furlang bi a chain (furlang 220 yards, chain 22 yards)
  • 40 rods bi 4 rods, 160 rods2 (historically fencin wis aften sauld in 40 rod lenths
  • ​1⁄640 (0.0015625) square mile (1 square mile is equal tae 640 acres)

Aiblins the easiest wey for U.S residents tae envisage an acre is as a rectangle measurin 88 yards bi 55 yards (​1⁄10 o 880 yards bi ​1⁄16 o 880 yards), aboot ​9⁄10 the size o a staundart American fitbaa field.

 
The area o ane acre (red) superponit on a American fitbaa field (green) a association fitbaa (soccer) pitch (blue).

Tae be mair exact, ane acre is 90.75 percent o a 100 yard (91.44 metre) lang bi 53.33 yard (48.76 metre) wide American fitbaa field (athoot the end zones). The full field, includin the end zones, covers approximately 1.32 acre (0.53 ha).

For residents o ither kintras, the acre micht be envisagit as approximately 56.68 percent o a 105 metre (344.49 feet) lang bi 68 metre (223.10 feet) wide association fitbaa pitch.

It mey be remembered as 44,000 square feet, less 1% an aw.

Historical oreegin

eedit

Template:Anthropic Farm Units The wird acre is derivit frae Auld Inglis æcer oreeginally meanin "open field", cognate tae wast coast Norse ækre an Swadish åker, German Acker, Dutch akker, Latin ager, an Greek αγρός (agros). In Inglis it wis historically spelt aker.

The acre wis approximately the amoont o laund tillable bu a yoke o oxen in ane day.[27] This explains ane definition as the area o a rectangle wi sides o lenth ane chain an ane furlong. A lang narrae strip o laund is mair efficient tae pleuch than a square plot, syne the pleuch daes no hae tae be turned sae aften. The wird "furlang" itsel derives frae the fact that it is ane furrow lang.

Afore the enactment o the metric seestem, mony kintras in Europe uised thair awn offeecial acres. Thir wur differently sized in different kintras, for instance, the historical French acre wis 4,221 square metres, whareas in Germany as mony variants o "acre" existit as thare wur German states.

Statutory values for the acre wur enactit in Ingland, an, subsequently, the Unitit Kinrick, bi acts o:

Historically, the size o ferms an laundit estates in the Unitit Kinrick wis uisually expressed in acres (or acres, roods, an perches), even if the nummer o acres wis sae lairge that it micht conveniently hae been expressed in square miles. For example, a certain laundawner micht hae been said tae awn 32,000 acres o laund, no 50 square miles o laund.

The acre is relatit tae the square mile, wi 640 acres makkin up ane square mile. Ane mile is 5280 feet (1760 yards). In wastren Canadae an the wastren Unitit States, diveesions o laund area wur teepically based on the square mile, an fractions thereof. If the square mile is dividit intae quairters, each quairter haes a side lenth o ​1⁄2mile (880 yards) an is ​1⁄4 square mile in area, or 160 acres. Thir subunits wad teepically then again be dividit intae quairters, wi each side bein ​1⁄4 mile lang, an bein ​1⁄16 o a square mile in area, or 40 acres. In the Unitit States, fermland wis teepically dividit as sic, an the phrase "the back 40" wad refer tae the 40 acre parcel tae the back o the ferm. Most o the Canadian Prairie Provinces an the US midwast are on square mile grids for surveyin purposes.

Ither acres

eedit
  • Customar acre – The customar acre wis a measur o roughly seemilar size tae the acre describit abuin, but it wis subject tae considerable local variation seemilar tae the variation foond in carucates, virgates, bovates, neuks, an farundels. Houiver, thare war mair auncient measures that war an aa farthingales. Thir mey hae been multiples o the customary acre, rather than the statute acre.
  • Builder's acre – In U.S. construction an real estate development, a area o 40,000 square feet. Uised tae simplifee math an for mercatin, it is nearly 10% smawer than a survey acre.
  • Scots acre, ane o a nummer o obsolete Scots units o measurement
  • Erse acre = 7,840 square yards
  • Cheshire acre = 10,240 square yards[28]
  • Roman acre = 1,260 square metres
  • God's Acre – a synonym for a churchyard.[29]
  • The Byzantine zeugarion wis based on the area o fermland which coud be pleuched bi a pair (zeugos) o oxen an aw; this wis adoptit as the Ottoman "çift" (meanin "pair" an aw).[30]

See an aw

eedit

References

eedit
  1. ↑ [1] Archived 2013-10-04 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ↑ "National Park of American Samoa completes two successful forest projects". Samoa News. 15 Apryle 2012. Retrieved 21 Juin 2014.
  3. ↑ "The Nassau Guardian". The Nassau Guardian. Archived frae the original on 15 Julie 2017. Retrieved 21 Juin 2014.
  4. ↑ "2,225-acre Cobia farm proposed near Lark and Bugle Cayes | Amandala Newspaper". Amandala.com.bz. 7 Januar 2008. Retrieved 21 Juin 2014.
  5. ↑ "Work continues on development". Bvibeacon.com. 30 Januar 2013. Retrieved 21 Juin 2014.
  6. ↑ "Kai drama over 50-acre development :: Cayman Compass". Compasscayman.com. Archived frae the original on 1 Mairch 2014. Retrieved 21 Juin 2014.
  7. ↑ "Dominica not meeting quota for international bananae markets". Dominica News Online. 7 Julie 2010. Archived frae the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 21 Juin 2014.
  8. ↑ "Farm Yarns with Elaine - Farm yarns with Elaine Turner - Part 13". Penguin-news.com. 26 November 2012. Archived frae the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 21 Juin 2014.
  9. ↑ "George Grant - The Grenada Spices Industry". Grenada Broadcast. 25 September 2012. Archived frae the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 21 Juin 2014.
  10. ↑ "Local News | Pacific Daily News". guampdn.com. Archived frae the original on 1 October 2013. Retrieved 21 Juin 2014.
  11. ↑ [2] Archived 2013-10-17 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ↑ http://supremecourt.gov.jm/sites/default/files/judgments/Tropicrop%20Mushrooms%20Ltd%20v%20Saint%20Thomas%20Parish%20Council%2C%20etal.pdf
  13. ↑ moosejaw mountaineering lansing mi says:. "Beresford Allen of St. Peters Montserrat is a Wanted Man!". The Montserrat Reporter. Archived frae the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 21 Juin 2014.CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  14. ↑ "Conflicting stories about Nu'u estate". Samoaobserver.ws. 27 Januar 2013. Archived frae the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 21 Juin 2014.
  15. ↑ "The Voice - The national newspaper of St. Lucia since 1885". Thevoiceslu.com. Archived frae the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 21 Juin 2014.
  16. ↑ "FEATURE: We built an island dream on our own St Helena | St Helena Online". Sthelenaonline.org. 2 September 2012. Archived frae the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 21 Juin 2014.
  17. ↑ "SIDF Sinks SKN Passport Money into Christophe Harbour". The St. Kitts-Nevis Observer. 14 Juin 2013. Archived frae the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 21 Juin 2014.
  18. ↑ Saturday, 21 June 2014 06:14:18 (AST) (15 Mairch 2013). "PM vows to spend rest of life seeking reparations – I-Witness News". Iwnsvg.com. Retrieved 21 Juin 2014.
  19. ↑ "Government gets $8million from Emerald Cay sale". Suntci.com. Retrieved 21 Juin 2014.
  20. ↑ "Proposed dolphin facility will enclose about 2 acres of Water Bay - News - Virgin Islands Daily News". M.virginislandsdailynews.com. 11 December 2012. Archived frae the original on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 21 Juin 2014.
  21. ↑ National Institute of Standards and Technology (n.d.) General Tables of Units of Measurement Archived 2011-11-24 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ↑ Klein, Herbert Arthur. The Science of Measurement: A Historical Survey. Dover Publications, 1988. Print. p. 76
  23. ↑ National Bureau of Standards. (1959). Refinement of Values for the Yard and the Pound.
  24. ↑ National Geodetic Survey, (January 1991), "Policy of the National Geodetic Survey Concerning Units of Measure for the State Plane Coordinate System of 1983.
  25. ↑ Minimum Standard Detail Requirements For ALTA/ACSM Land Title Surveys Archived 2013-09-04 at the Wayback Machine. Federick, MD: American Congress on Surveying and Mapping. 2011. [The standard uses "precision" in a sense more typically used for "accuracy"; the stated maximum allowable "precision" (page 3) is 2 cm and 50 parts per million. An instrument consistently measuring 2 cm short would measure the area of a one international acre square, 63.614907 m on a side, as 4044.3 square metres, 2.6 square metres less than the true value, a far greater discrepancy than the difference between the international and survey acres.]
  26. ↑ "Sri Lanka". Webcache.googleusercontent.com. Retrieved 21 Juin 2014.
  27. ↑ "acre, n.2". OED Online. September 2011. Oxford University Press. (accessed November 15, 2012).
  28. ↑ Holland, Robert. (1886). A glossary of words used in the County of Chester. London: Trübner for the English Dialect Society. p. 3.
  29. ↑ The Collaborative International Dictionary of English. Archived 2009-02-07 at the Wayback Machine
  30. ↑ Malcolm, Noel (1999). Kosovo: A Short History. Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0-06-097775-7.

Freemit airtins

eedit
Taen frae "https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acre&oldid=891543"