Ruhollah Khomeini
Sayyed Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini (روحاللّه مصطفوی موسوی خمینی, Persie pronunciation: [ruːholˈlɑːhe muːsæˈviːje xomeiˈniː], 22 September 1902 – 3 Juin 1989) wis an Iranian releegious leader an politeecian, an leader o the 1979 Iranian Revolution which saw the owerthrow o Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah o Iran. Follaein the revolution, Khomeini became the kintra's Supreme Leader, a position creatit in the constitution as the heichest rankin poleetical an releegious authority o the naition, which he held till his daith.
Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini | |
|---|---|
موسوی خمینی | |
 | |
| 1st Supreme Leader o Iran | |
| In office 3 December 1979 – 3 Juin 1989 | |
| Preses | Abolhassan Banisadr Mohammad-Ali Rajai Ali Khamenei |
| Prime Meenister | Mehdi Bazargan Mohammad-Ali Rajai Mohammad-Javad Bahonar Mahdavi Kani Mir-Hossein Mousavi |
| Depute | Hussein-Ali Montazeri |
| Succeedit bi | Ali Khamenei |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini 22 September 1902[1][2][3][4][5] Khomein, Persie |
| Dee'd | 3 Juin 1989 (aged 86) Tehran, Iran |
| Spoose(s) | Khadijeh Saqafi (m.1926 – will.1989) |
| Bairns | Mostafa Zahra Sadiqeh Farideh Ahmad |
| Religion | Usuli Twaler Shia Islam |
References
eedit- ↑ DeFronzo 2007, p. 286. "born 22 September 1902..."
- ↑ History Of Iran Ayatollah Khomeini - Iran Chamber Society
- ↑ "Khomeini Life of the Ayatollah By BAQER MOIN". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 Januar 2012.
- ↑ "Imam Khomeini Website | سایت امام خمینی". Imam-khomeini.com. Retrieved 9 Mairch 2012.
- ↑ Karsh 2007, p. 220. "Born on 22 September 1902"
Bibliography
eedit- Brumberg, Daniel (2001). Reinventing Khomeini: The Struggle for Reform in Iran. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-07758-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Daniel, Elton L. (2001). The History of Iran. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-30731-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- DeFronzo, James (2007). Revolutions And Revolutionary Movements. Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-4354-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Karsh, Efraim (2007). Islamic Imperialism: A History. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-12263-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Khomeini, Ruhollah; Algar, Hamid (2002). Islamic Government: Governance of the Jurist. Alhoda UK. ISBN 964-335-499-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Keddie, Nikkie R. (2003). Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-09856-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Milani, Mohsen M. (1994). The Making of Iran's Islamic Revolution: From Monarchy to Islamic Republic. Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-8476-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Moin, Baqer (2000). Khomeini: Life of the Ayatollah. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-26490-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Rāhnamā, 'Ali (1994). Pioneers of Islamic Revival. Macmillan. ISBN 1-85649-254-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Reich, Bernard (1990). Political Leaders of the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: A Biographical Dictionary. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-26213-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Willett, Edward C.; Ayatollah Khomeini, 2004, Publisher: The Rosen Publishing Group, ISBN 0-8239-4465-4
- Bakhash, Shaul (1984). The Reign of the Ayatollahs : Iran and the Islamic Revolution. New York: Basic Books.
- Harney, Desmond (1998). The priest and the king : an eyewitness account of the Iranian revolution. I.B. Tauris.
- Khomeini, Ruhollah (1981). Algar, Hamid (translator and editor) (ed.). Islam and Revolution: Writing and Declarations of Imam Khomeini. Berkeley: Mizan Press.
- Khomeini, Ruhollah (1980). Sayings of the Ayatollah Khomeini : political, philosophical, social, and religious. Bantam.
- Mackey, Sandra (1996). The Iranians : Persia, Islam and the Soul of a Nation. Dutton. ISBN 0-525-94005-7.
- Molavi, Afshin (2005). The Soul of Iran: a Nation's Journey to Freedom. New York: Norton paperbacks.
- Schirazi, Asghar (1997). The Constitution of Iran. New York: Tauris.
- Taheri, Amir (1985). The Spirit of Allah. Adler & Adler.
- Wright, Robin (1989). In the Name of God : The Khomeini Decade. New York: Simon & Schuster.
- Wright, Robin (2000). The Last Revolution. New York: Knopf.
- Ansari, Hamid, The Narrative of Awakening Archived 2015-05-14 at the Wayback Machine, The Institute for Compilation and publication of the work of Imam Khomeini
- Lee, James; The Final Word!: An American Refutes the Sayings of Ayatollah Khomeini, 1984, Publisher: Philosophical Library, ISBN 0-8022-2465-2
- Dabashi, Hamid; Theology of Discontent: The Ideological Foundation of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, 2006, Publisher: Transaction Publishers, ISBN 1-4128-0516-3
- Hoveyda, Fereydoun; The Shah and the Ayatollah: Iranian Mythology and Islamic Revolution, 2003, Publisher: Praeger/Greenwood, ISBN 0-275-97858-3