Wikipedia:IPA chairt for Scots

(Reguidit frae IPA chairt for Scots)

This is a cutty version o the Internaitional Phonetic ABC for Scots soonds.

Vouels

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Vouel chairt

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Aw that's shawn here is the unnerlyin phonemes. The pyntit soondin, or allophones isna shawn. (fae Aitken 1984)

 
Scots vouels
Aitken's 
nummer
 IPA  Examples 
8aəiaye, gey, Mey, pey, wey
10jyne, pynt, ile, chyce
1 short1bite, bide, price, wife, tide
1 lang1aifive, size, fry, ay, kye, fire
2imeet, need, see, deil, here, releegion, meenister
11ee, dee, dree, lee, implee, denee
3Merges wi 2, 4, or 8 gaun bi dialectmeat, deid, heid, steal, peir, meir, seiven,
4eaik, ait, saip, baith, stane2, hale, tae n., gae, late, pale, bathe, day, say, mair, care
8e: Whiles merged wi 4bait, braid, hail, pail, pair
5o: Whiles merges wi 18 in the Sooththroat, coat, thole, rose, afore
18ɔ Whiles merges wi 5cot, God, on, loch, bocht, horse, Forth
6uaboot, bouk, poupit, lood, pouder, shouder, room, mooth, hoose, loose, cou, nou, fou, pou, oo, oor, soor, ploum
7ø North merged wi 2, Central an Sooth wi 4 lang an 15 shortbuit, fruit, guid, muin, uiss n., uise v., muive, dae, shae, muir, puir, shuir
9oiBoyd, noise, boy
12ɑ: / ɔ: Whiles merged wi 17 in the Northfaut, saut, fraud, mawn, auld, cauld, hauch, cause, law, snaw, aw, faw, twa, faur, daur, waur
13ʌunowt, cowt, gowf, sowder, lowse, chowe, growe, knowe, fower, ower, rowe
14iu / juduty, feud, heuk3, neuk3, beuch3, teuch3, news, dew, few, blue, true, pleuch3
15ɪbit, pit, fit, lid, hiss, gird, his, whither4, yird, wid, fir n.
16ɛmet, bed, ledder, ser, Perth
17a In the Sooth-Wast an Ulster merged wi 12sat, lad, mar, gar, vase, warst, mar
19ʌbutt, but, buss, buff, wird, fur n.

1. See the Scots vouel lenth rule.
2. In the North [e] afore [n] in <ane> merges wi 2.
3. Some o thir's the affcome o 7 afore [k] an [x] giein [(j)u] or [(j)ʌ] an aw.
4. [ɪ] efter [ʍ] an [w] aften merges wi 19.

Vouels athort sindry dialects

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The allophones o the phonemes abuin afore /t/ in a puckle dialects. (fae Catford 1957, Gregg 1958, Dieth 1932)

Aitken's
Nummer
Bute Lanrick-
shire
Berwick-
shire
North
Kircudbright
East
Fife
Kircudbright Mid
Antrim
N.E.
Angus
Buchan Key
wirds
2 /i/  i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i beet
3 /i, e/  e  e  e  e  e    e:  e- beat
8 /e:/  e:    ɛ̣:   bait
16 /ɛ/  ɛ̣  ɛ  ɛˑ  ɛ  ɛ̜  ɛ̜  ɛ:  ɛ  e met
17 /a/  ä  ä  ä  ɑ  ä  ɑ̈  ɑ:  ɑ̈  ɑ fat
12 /ɑ:, ɔ:/  o  ɔ  ɒ:  ɔ:  ɑ:  ɑ: faut
18 /ɔ/  o  o  o  ɔ  ɔ:    o cot
5 /o:/  o  o  o:  o:   1 coat
19 /ʌ/  ʌ  ʌ  ʌ  ʌ  ʌ  ʌ  ʌ  ʌ̫  ʌ cut
6 /u/  ü  ʉ  u  u  ü  u  ü  u  u aboot
15 /ɪ/  ɜ  ɛ̈  ë̜  ë  ɛ̈  ë  ɪ̈ / æ̈  ɜ  ɪ bit
7 /ø/  ɪ  ɪ̈  ɪ̈  ɪ̈  ø  i buit 2

1. Richtly [kwəit] acause efter /k/ but ither gates /oˑ/ afore /t/.
2. in aw thir dialects, ceptna N.E. Angus an Buchan, in lang environs merged wi vouel 4 no shawn here.

Consonants

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Consonant chairt

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This is the Scots Consonant Seestem uisin IPA seembols.

  bilabial labio-
dental
dental alveolar post-
alveolar
palatal velar glottal labial-velar
plosive p  b   d̪  t̪ 1 t  d     k  g ʔ 4  
nasal m     n     ŋ    
flap       r          
fricative ɸ  β 2 f  v θ  ð s  z ʃ  ʒ ç 5 x 5 h  
affricate       ɕ  ʑ 3 tʃ  dʒ        
approximant       ɹ   j     ʍ6 w
lateral approximant       l, ɫ7          

Fitmerks:

1. [] an [] whiles kythes for /d/ an /t/ afore /(ə)r/ in Erse influenced dialects o Ulster an whiles in Gaelic influenced dialects in Scotland. Examples: attercap, bedrall, better, bowster, conseeder, craitur, draucht, straik, traivel.

2. [ɸ] an [β] whiles kythes for /f/ an /v/ in Erse influenced dialects o Ulster. For ordinar written <f> an <v>.

3. [ɕ] an [ʑ] whiles kythes for /ʃ/ an /ʒ/ in Erse influenced dialects o Ulster. Examples brainch, creash, cusion, fusionless, hinge, ingine. Seemilar wi [] an [] for // an // Examples: deuk, fadge, jaiket, juist, sodger, veelage, brooch, cabbitch, chimley, gilravage, steuchie, teuch.

4. [ʔ] kythes for /t/ atween twa vouels an wird final in mony dialects. Whiles for /k/ an /p/ an aw. Examples: butter, maiter, whit.

5. [ç] for ordinar wird ineetial or efter a front vouel an [x] efter a back vouel. Examples: hue, huge, human, heuk, laich, lauchter, loch, nicht, pech.

6. In northren dialects [ʍ] is aften soondit /f/ or [ɸ] an whiles /w/ in recent lend wirds. Example: wha whippit the white whalpie?

7. For ordinar [ɫ] but in airts whaur Gaelic wis no lang syne spak, e'en in Dumfries an Gallowa [l] micht kythe.

Semplifee'd or soondit ither

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Antrin consonant clusters is semplifee'd or soondit different athort the dialects

/xt/ for ordinar written <cht> but whiles /θ/ in northren dialects. Examples: dochter, micht.

/gn/ for ordinar written <gn> bides sae in mony northren dialects but is semplifee'd tae /n/ in ithers. Examples: gnap, gnaw.

/kn/ for ordinar written <kn> bides sae in mony northren dialects or kythes as /tn/ but is semplifee'd tae /n/ in ithers. Examples: knee, knap, knowe.

/wr/ for ordinar semplifee'd tae /r/ but aiblins /vr/ in some northren dialects. Examples: wrack, wrang, write, wricht.

/ld/ an /nd/ is aften semplifee'd tae /l/ an /d/. Examples: auld, haund.

See forby

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