Nitric acid
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Nitric acid (HNO3), kent as aqua fortis an spirit of niter an aw, is a heichly corrosive strang mineral acid.
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| Names | |||
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| IUPAC name
Nitric acid
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| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
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| 3DMet | B00068 | ||
| ChEBI | |||
| ChEMBL | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| EC Nummer | 231-714-2 | ||
| Gmelin Reference | 1576 | ||
| KEGG | |||
| MeSH | Nitric+acid | ||
PubChem CID
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| RTECS nummer | QU5775000 | ||
| UNII | |||
| UN nummer | 2031 | ||
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| Properties | |||
| HNO3 | |||
| Molar mass | 63.01 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colourless liquid | ||
| Density | 1.5129 g cm−3 | ||
| Meltin pynt | −42 °C (−44 °F; 231 K) | ||
| Bylin pynt | 83 °C (181 °F; 356 K) | ||
| Completely miscible | |||
| Acidity (pKa) | -1.4[1] | ||
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.397 (16.5 °C) | ||
| 2.17 ± 0.02 D | |||
| Thermochemistry | |||
| Staundart molar entropy S |
146 J·mol−1·K−1[2] | ||
| Std enthalpy o formation ΔfH |
−207 kJ·mol−1[2] | ||
| Hazards | |||
| EU clessification |  C  O
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| R-phrases | R8 R35 | ||
| S-phrases | (S1/2) S23 S26 S36 S45 | ||
| NFPA 704 | |||
| Flash pynt | Non-flammable | ||
| Relatit compoonds | |||
Ither anions
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Nitrous acid | ||
Ither cations
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Sodium nitrate Potassium nitrate Ammonium nitrate | ||
Except whaur itherwise notit, data are gien for materials in thair staundart state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |||
 verify (whit is   ?)
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| Infobox references | |||
The pure compoond is colourless, but aulder saumples tend tae acquire a yellae cast due tae decomposeetion intae oxides o nitrogen an watter. Maist commercially available nitric acid has a concentration o 68% in water. Whan the solution conteens mair nor 86% HNO3, it is referred tae as fumin nitric acid. Dependin on the amoont o nitrogen dioxide present, fumin nitric acid is faur chairacterised as white fumin nitric acid at concentrations abuin 95%, or reid fumin nitric acid at concentrations abuin 86%.
Nitric acid is the primar reagent uised for nitration – the addeetion o a nitro group, teepically tae an organic molecule. While some resultin nitro compoonds are shock- an thermally-sensitive explosives, a few are stable eneuch tae be uised in muneetions an demoleetion, while ithers are still mair stable an uised as pigments in inks an dyes. Nitric acid is commonly uised as a strang oxidisin augent an aw.
References
eedit- ↑ Bell, R. P. (1973), The Proton in Chemistry (2nd ed.), Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press
- ↑ a b Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A22. ISBN 0-618-94690-X.
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