Frédéric Chopin

Frédéric François Chopin (French pronunciation: ​[fʁe.de.ʁik ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 Februar or 1 Mairch 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin, wis a Pols componer an virtuoso pianist o the Romantic era that wrate for the maist pairt for solo pianae. He gained an haes mainteened renoun warldwide as a leadin muisicker o his era, that their "poetic genius wis based on a professional technique that wis withoot equal in his generation." Chopin wis born in whit wis than the Duchy o Warsaw an growed up in Warsaw, whilk in 1815 becam pairt o Congress Poland. A bairn prodigy, he completit his muisical educaton an componed his earlier warks in Warsaw afore leavin Poland at the age o 20, less nor a month afore the ootbreak o the November 1830 Uprisin.

Photograph o Chopin bi Bisson, c. 1849

At 21 he sattelt in Pairis. Thareefter, durin the last 18 years o his life, he gied only 30 public performances, preferrin the mair intimate atmosphere o the salon. He supportit hissel bi sellin his compositions an bi teachin the pianae, that he wis in heich demand for. Chopin formed a freendship wi Franz Liszt an wis admired bi mony o his muisical contemporars, includin Robert Schumann. In 1835 he obteened French ceetizenship. Efter a failed engagement tae Maria Wodzińska frae 1836 tae 1837, he mainteened an aften tribbelt relationship wi the French scriever George Sand. A cutty an unhappy veesit tae Majorca wi Sand in 1838–39 wis ane o his maist productive periods o composition. In his hinner years, he wis gien uphaud financially bi his admirer Jane Stirling, that atour arranged for him tae visit Scotland in 1848. Throu maist o his life, Chopin suffert frae puir health. He dee'd in Paris in 1849, at the age o 39, likely o tuberculosis.

Aw o Chopin's compositions involves the pianae. Maist are for solo pianae, tho atour he wrate twa pianae concertos, a few chaumer pieces, an a wheen sangs tae Pols lyrics. His keybuird style is gey individual an aften technically demandin; his ain performances wis notit for their nuance an sensitivity. Chopin inventit the concept o the instrumental ballade. His major pianae warks an aa includes mazurkas, waltzes, nocturnes, polonaises, études, impromptus, scherzos, preludes an sonatas, some set furth only efter his deith. Influences on his composition style includes Pols fowk muisic, the clessical tradeetion o J. S. Bach, Mozart an Schubert, the muisic o aw them that he admired, as weel as the Pairis salons whaur he wis aft-times a guest. His innovations in style, muisical form, an harmony, an his association o muisic wi naitionalism, wis influential oot-throu an efter the late-Romantic period.

Chopin's muisic, his status as ane o muisic's earliest superstarns, his association (if only indirect) wi poleetical insurrection, his luve life an his early deith haes made him a leadin symbol o the Romantic era in the public consciousness. His warks bides popular, an he haes been the subject o a gey wheen films an biographies o varyin degrees o historical accuracy.

References

Citit soorces

• Rosen, Charles (1995). The Romantic Generation. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-77933-4.