Ytterbium

Ytterbium is a chemical element wi seembol Yb an atomic nummer 70. It is the fowerteent an penultimate element in the lanthanide series, or last element in the f-block, whilk is the basis o the relative stability o the +2 oxidation state. Housomiver, lik the ither lanthanides, the maist common oxidation state is +3, seen in its oxide, halides an ither compounds. In aqueous solution, lik compoonds o ither late lanthanides, soluble ytterbium compoonds furm complexes wi nine watter molecules. Acause o its closed-shell electron configuration, its density an meltin an boilin pynts differs frae thaim that the ither lanthanides haes.

Ytterbium, ₇₀Yb

Ytterbium
Pronunciation	/ɪˈtɜːrbiəm/ ​(ih-TUR-bee-əm)
Appearance	sillery white
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Yb)	7002173045000000000♠173.045(10)
Mass number	Yb:
Ytterbium in the periodic cairt
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Airn Cobalt Nickel Capper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Siller (element) Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gowd Mercur (element) Thallium Leid (element) Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium - ↑ Yb ↓ No thulium ← ytterbium → lutetium
Atomic nummer (Z)	70
Group	group n/a
Period	period 6
Block	f-block
Element category	Lanthanide
Electron confeeguration	[Xe] 4f14 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2
Pheesical properties
Phase at STP	solit
Meltin pynt	1097 K ​(824 °C, ​1515 °F)
Bylin pynt	1469 K ​(1196 °C, ​2185 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	6.90 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	6.21 g/cm3
Heat o fusion	7.66 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation	159 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.74 J/(mol·K)
Vapour pressur P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 736 813 910 1047 (1266) (1465)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	+1, +2, +3 (a basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: ? 1.1
Atomic radius	empirical: 176 pm
Covalent radius	187±8 pm
Spectral lines o ytterbium
Ither properties
Naitural occurrence	Yb: Primordial
Creestal structur	​face-centred cubic (fcc)
Speed o soond thin rod	1590 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	(r.t.) (β, poly) 26.3 µm/(m·K)
Thermal conductivity	38.5 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	(r.t.) (β, poly) 0.250 µ Ω·m
Magnetic orderin	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	(β form) 23.9 GPa
Shear modulus	(β form) 9.9 GPa
Bulk modulus	(β form) 30.5 GPa
Poisson ratio	(β form) 0.207
Vickers haurdness	206 MPa
Brinell haurdness	343 MPa
CAS Nummer	7440-64-4
History
Diskivery	Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (1878)
First isolation	Georges Urbain (1907)
Main isotopes o ytterbium
Iso­tope Abun­dance Hauf-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 166Yb syn 56.7 h ε 166Tm 168Yb 0.13% >1.3×1014 y (α) 164Er (β+β+) 168Er 169Yb syn 32.026 d ε 169Tm 170Yb 3.04% - (α) 166Er 171Yb 14.28% - (α) 167Er 172Yb 21.83% - (α) 168Er 173Yb 16.13% - (α) 169Er 174Yb 31.83% - (α) 170Er 175Yb syn 4.185 d β− 175Lu 176Yb 12.76% >1.6×1017 y (α) 172Er (β−β−) 176Hf 177Yb syn 1.911 o β− 177Lu
Decay modes in parentheses are predictit, but hae nae yet been observed