Wikipedia:IPA chairt for Scots

This is a cutty version o the Internaitional Phonetic ABC for Scots soonds.

Vouels

Vouel chairt

Aw that's shawn here is the unnerlyin phonemes. The pyntit soondin, or allophones isna shawn. (fae Aitken 1984)

Scots vouels

Aitken's  nummer	IPA	Examples
8a	əi	aye, gey, Mey, pey, wey
10		jyne, pynt, ile, chyce
1 short1		bite, bide, price, wife, tide
1 lang1	ai	five, size, fry, ay, kye, fire
2	i	meet, need, see, deil, here, releegion, meenister
11		ee, dee, dree, lee, implee, denee
3	Merges wi 2, 4, or 8 gaun bi dialect	meat, deid, heid, steal, peir, meir, seiven,
4	e	aik, ait, saip, baith, stane2, hale, tae n., gae, late, pale, bathe, day, say, mair, care
8	e: Whiles merged wi 4	bait, braid, hail, pail, pair
5	o: Whiles merges wi 18 in the Sooth	throat, coat, thole, rose, afore
18	ɔ Whiles merges wi 5	cot, God, on, loch, bocht, horse, Forth
6	u	aboot, bouk, poupit, lood, pouder, shouder, room, mooth, hoose, loose, cou, nou, fou, pou, oo, oor, soor, ploum
7	ø North merged wi 2, Central an Sooth wi 4 lang an 15 short	buit, fruit, guid, muin, uiss n., uise v., muive, dae, shae, muir, puir, shuir
9	oi	Boyd, noise, boy
12	ɑ: / ɔ: Whiles merged wi 17 in the North	faut, saut, fraud, mawn, auld, cauld, hauch, cause, law, snaw, aw, faw, twa, faur, daur, waur
13	ʌu	nowt, cowt, gowf, sowder, lowse, chowe, growe, knowe, fower, ower, rowe
14	iu / ju	duty, feud, heuk3, neuk3, beuch3, teuch3, news, dew, few, blue, true, pleuch3
15	ɪ	bit, pit, fit, lid, hiss, gird, his, whither4, yird, wid, fir n.
16	ɛ	met, bed, ledder, ser, Perth
17	a In the Sooth-Wast an Ulster merged wi 12	sat, lad, mar, gar, vase, warst, mar
19	ʌ	butt, but, buss, buff, wird, fur n.

1. See the Scots vouel lenth rule.
2. In the North [e] afore [n] in <ane> merges wi 2.
3. Some o thir's the affcome o 7 afore [k] an [x] giein [(j)u] or [(j)ʌ] an aw.
4. [ɪ] efter [ʍ] an [w] aften merges wi 19.

Vouels athort sindry dialects

The allophones o the phonemes abuin afore /t/ in a puckle dialects. (fae Catford 1957, Gregg 1958, Dieth 1932)

Aitken's Nummer	Bute	Lanrick- shire	Berwick- shire	North Kircudbright	East Fife	Kircudbright	Mid Antrim	N.E. Angus	Buchan	Key wirds
2 /i/	i	i	i	i	i	i	i	i	i	beet
3 /i, e/	e	e	e	e	e	ẹ	e:	e-		beat
8 /e:/					e:	e̜		ɛ̣:	eˑ	bait
16 /ɛ/	ɛ̣	ɛ	ɛˑ	ɛ	ɛ̜	ɛ̜	ɛ:	ɛ	e	met
17 /a/	ä	ä	ä	ɑ	ä	ɑ̈	ɑ:	ɑ̈	ɑ	fat
12 /ɑ:, ɔ:/	o	ɔ		ɒ:	ɔ:			ɑ:	ɑ:	faut
18 /ɔ/			o	o	o	ɔ	ɔ:	o̜	o	cot
5 /o:/		o				o	o:	o:	oˑ 1	coat
19 /ʌ/	ʌ	ʌ	ʌ	ʌ	ʌ	ʌ	ʌ	ʌ̫	ʌ	cut
6 /u/	ü	ʉ	u	u	ü	u	ü	u	u	aboot
15 /ɪ/	ɜ	ɛ̈	ë̜	ë	ɛ̈	ë	ɪ̈ / æ̈	ɜ	ɪ	bit
7 /ø/			ɪ	ɪ̈		ɪ̈	ɪ̈	ø	i	buit 2

1. Richtly [kwəit] acause efter /k/ but ither gates /oˑ/ afore /t/.
2. in aw thir dialects, ceptna N.E. Angus an Buchan, in lang environs merged wi vouel 4 no shawn here.

Consonants

Consonant chairt

This is the Scots Consonant Seestem uisin IPA seembols.

	bilabial	labio- dental	dental	alveolar	post- alveolar	palatal	velar	glottal	labial-velar
plosive	p  b		d̪  t̪ 1	t  d			k  g	ʔ 4
nasal	m			n			ŋ
flap				r
fricative	ɸ  β 2	f  v	θ  ð	s  z	ʃ  ʒ	ç 5	x 5	h
affricate				ɕ  ʑ 3	tʃ  dʒ
approximant				ɹ		j			ʍ6 w
lateral approximant				l, ɫ7

Fitmerks:

1. [d̪] an [t̪] whiles kythes for /d/ an /t/ afore /(ə)r/ in Erse influenced dialects o Ulster an whiles in Gaelic influenced dialects in Scotland. Examples: attercap, bedrall, better, bowster, conseeder, craitur, draucht, straik, traivel.

2. [ɸ] an [β] whiles kythes for /f/ an /v/ in Erse influenced dialects o Ulster. For ordinar written <f> an <v>.

3. [ɕ] an [ʑ] whiles kythes for /ʃ/ an /ʒ/ in Erse influenced dialects o Ulster. Examples brainch, creash, cusion, fusionless, hinge, ingine. Seemilar wi [tɕ] an [dʑ] for /tʃ/ an /dʒ/ Examples: deuk, fadge, jaiket, juist, sodger, veelage, brooch, cabbitch, chimley, gilravage, steuchie, teuch.

4. [ʔ] kythes for /t/ atween twa vouels an wird final in mony dialects. Whiles for /k/ an /p/ an aw. Examples: butter, maiter, whit.

5. [ç] for ordinar wird ineetial or efter a front vouel an [x] efter a back vouel. Examples: hue, huge, human, heuk, laich, lauchter, loch, nicht, pech.

6. In northren dialects [ʍ] is aften soondit /f/ or [ɸ] an whiles /w/ in recent lend wirds. Example: wha whippit the white whalpie?

7. For ordinar [ɫ] but in airts whaur Gaelic wis no lang syne spak, e'en in Dumfries an Gallowa [l] micht kythe.

Semplifee'd or soondit ither

Antrin consonant clusters is semplifee'd or soondit different athort the dialects

/xt/ for ordinar written <cht> but whiles /θ/ in northren dialects. Examples: dochter, micht.

/gn/ for ordinar written <gn> bides sae in mony northren dialects but is semplifee'd tae /n/ in ithers. Examples: gnap, gnaw.

/kn/ for ordinar written <kn> bides sae in mony northren dialects or kythes as /tn/ but is semplifee'd tae /n/ in ithers. Examples: knee, knap, knowe.

/wr/ for ordinar semplifee'd tae /r/ but aiblins /vr/ in some northren dialects. Examples: wrack, wrang, write, wricht.

/ld/ an /nd/ is aften semplifee'd tae /l/ an /d/. Examples: auld, haund.

See forby

• A guid compearin o the phonemes athort the Scots dialects (PDF 419kb), Andy Eagle, 2001 (in Inglis)