Meeneral acid
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A meeneral acid (or inorganic acid) is an acid derived frae ane or mair inorganic compounds. Aw meeneral acids form hydrogen ions an the conjugate base ions when dissolved in watter.
CharacteristicsEedit
Commonly uised meeneral acids are sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid an nitric acid (thay are an aw kent as bench acids). Meeneral acids range frae superacids (perchloric acid) tae very waik (boric acid). Meeneral acids tend tae be very soluble in watter an insoluble in organic solvents.
Meeneral acids are uised in mony sectors o the chemical industry as feedstocks for the synthesis o ither chemicals, baith organic an inorganic. Large quantities o thir acids – especially sulfuric acid, nitric acid, an hydrochloric acid – are manufactured for commercial uise in lairge plants.
Meeneral acids are an aw uised directly for thair corrosive properties. For ensaumple, a dilute solution o hydrochloric acid is uised for removing the deposits frae the inside o boilers, wi precautions taken tae prevent the corrosion o the boiler bi the acid. This process is kent as descaling.
World productionEedit
| Acid | tonnes |
|---|---|
| Sulfuric | 200,000,000 |
| Nitric | 60,000,000 |
| Phosphoric | 38,000,000 |
| Hydrochloric | 20,000,000 |
ExamplesEedit
- Hydrochloric acid HCl
- Nitric acid HNO3
- Phosphoric acid H3PO4
- Sulfuric acid H2SO4
- Boric acid H3BO3
- Hydrofluoric acid HF
- Hydrobromic acid HBr
- Perchloric acid HClO4
- Hydroiodic acid HI
- carbonic acid
External linksEedit
- Mineral Acids: Reregistration Eligibility Decision Fact Sheet – U.S. Environmental Protection Agency