Kura River
Kura River ([Կուր, Kur] error: {{lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help); Azerbaijani: Kür; Ancient Greek: Cyrus; Georgie: [მტკვარი, Mt'k'vari] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help); Kurdish: rûbara kur; Turkis: Kura)[7][8] is an east-flowin river sooth o the Greater Caucasus Moontains which drains the soothren slopes o the Greater Caucasus east intae the Caspian Sea. It an aa drains the north side o the Lesser Caucasus while its main tributary, the Aras drains the sooth side o those moontains. Stairtin in northeastren Turkey, it flows throu Turkey tae Georgie, then tae Azerbaijan, whaur it receives the Aras as a richt tributary, an enters the Caspian Sea. The tot lenth o the river is 1,515 kilometre (941 mi).
| Kura River | |
 At Mtskheta, Georgie
| |
| Name oreegin: Relatit tae the name o Cyrus the Great | |
| Kintras | Turkey, Georgie, Azerbaijan |
|---|---|
| Region | Caucasus |
| Pairt o | Caspian Sea basin |
| Tributaries | |
| - left | Liakhvi, Aragvi, Iori, Alazani |
| - right | Algeti, Khrami, Tartarchay, Aras |
| Ceeties | Khashuri, Gori, Tbilisi, Rustavi, Mingachevir, Zardab, Sabirabad, Neftçala |
| Soorce | Lesser Caucasus |
| - location | Near Kartsakhi Lake, Kars, Turkey |
| - elevation | 2,740 m (8,990 ft) [1] |
| - coordinates | 40°40′31″N 42°44′32″E / 40.67528°N 42.74222°E |
| Mooth | Caspian Sea |
| - location | Neftçala, Neftchala Rayon, Azerbaijan |
| - elevation | −26.5 m (−87 ft) [2] |
| - coordinates | 39°19′32″N 49°20′07″E / 39.32556°N 49.33528°ECoordinates: 39°19′32″N 49°20′07″E / 39.32556°N 49.33528°E |
| Lenth | 1,515 km (941 mi) [3] |
| Basin | 198,300 km2 (76,564 sq mi) [4] |
| Discharge | for directly dounstream frae Aras River confluence |
| - average | 443 m3/s (15,644 cu ft/s) [5] |
| - max | 2,250 m3/s (79,458 cu ft/s) [6] |
| - min | 206 m3/s (7,275 cu ft/s) [6] |
 Kura River Basin
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Fowk hae inhabitit the Caucasus region for thoosands o years, an first established agricultur in the Kura Valley ower 4,500 years ago. Lairge, complex ceevilizations eventually grew up on the river, but bi 1200 CE, maist wur reduced tae ruin bi naitural disasters an foreign invaders. The increasin human uise, an eventual damage, o the wattershed’s forests an grasslands contreibutit tae a risin intensity o fluids throu the 20t century. In the 1950s, the Soviet Union stairtit biggin mony dams an canals on the river. Previously navigable up tae Tbilisi in Georgie, it is nou much slower an shallaer, as its pouer haes been harnessed bi hydroelectric pouer stations. The river is nou moderately pollutit bi major industrial centers lik Tbilisi an Rustavi in Georgie.
ReferencesEedit
- ↑ Guluzada, Lidiya. "Kura River—Transboundary Watercourse of Caucasus" (PDF). Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei. Retrieved 12 Mairch 2010.
- ↑ "General Background". Caspian Environment Programme. 6 November 2004. Retrieved 12 Mairch 2010.
- ↑ "Regional Partnership for Prevention of Transboundary Degradation of the Kura-Aras River Basin". Environmental Conservation and Management. United Nations Development Programme. 2002. Archived frae the original on 17 November 2002. Retrieved 12 Mairch 2010.
- ↑ Mammadov, R.M.; Verdiyev, R. (Februar 2009). "Integrated Water Resources Management as Basis for Flood Prevention in the Kura River Basin" (PDF). United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 12 Mairch 2010.
- ↑ Rustanov, S. G. (1967). "Drift Balance of the Kura River in its Lower Course" (PDF). Institute of Geography of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR. Symposum on River Morphology. General Assembly of Bern. Commission of Surface Waters. Retrieved 5 Apryle 2010.
- ↑ a b "Kura River Discharge at Surra". River Discharge Database. Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment. 1930–1984. Archived frae the original on 16 Juin 2010. Retrieved 12 Mairch 2010.
- ↑ Allen, William Edward David. A history of the Georgian people: from the beginning down to the Russian conquest in the nineteenth century, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1971, p.8. ISBN 978-0-7100-6959-7
- ↑ Gachechiladze, Revaz. The New Georgia Archived 2014-12-08 at the Wayback Machine, TAMU Press, 1996, p.18. ISBN 978-0-89096-703-4