Grace Murray Hopper (December 9, 1906 – Januar 1, 1992) wis an American computer scientist an Unitit States Navy Rear Admiral. A pioneer in the field, she wis ane o the first programmers o the Harvard Mark I computer, an developed the first compiler for a computer programmin leid.[1][2][3][4][5] She conceptualized the idea o machine-independent programmin leids, which led tae the development o COBOL, ane o the first modren programmin leids. She is credited wi popularizing the term "debuggin" for fixin computer glitches (inspired bi an actual moch removed frae the computer). Owin tae the breadth o her accomplishments an her naval rank, she is whiles referred tae as "Amazing Grace".[6][7] The U.S. Navy destroyer USS Hopper (DDG-70) is named for her, as wis the Cray XE6 "Hopper" supercomputer at NERSC.

Grace Murray Hopper
Hopper in Januar 1984
Elk-name"Amazing Grace"
Born9 December 1906(1906-12-09)
New York Ceety, New York, U.S.
Dee'd1 Januar 1992(1992-01-01) (aged 85)
Arlington, Virginie, U.S.
Place o burialArlington Naitional Seemetry
Allegiance Unitit States o Americae
Service/branch Unitit States Navy
Years o service1943–1966, 1967–1971, 1972–1986
Rank Rear Admiral (lawer hauf)
Awairds Defense Distinguished Service Medal
Legion o Merit
Meritorious Service Medal
American Campaign Medal
Warld War II Victory Medal
Naitional Defense Service Medal
Armed Forces Reserve Medal wi twa Oorglass Devices
Naval Reserve Medal

References

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  1. Richard L. Wexelblat, ed. (1981). History of Programming Languages. New York: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-745040-8.CS1 maint: extra text: authors leet (link)
  2. Donald D. Spencer (1985). Computers and Information Processing. C.E. Merrill Publishing Co. ISBN 978-0-675-20290-9.
  3. Phillip A. Laplante (2001). Dictionary of computer science, engineering, and technology. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-2691-2.
  4. Bryan H. Bunch, Alexander Hellemans (1993). The Timetables of Technology: A Chronology of the Most Important People and Events in the History of Technology. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-76918-5.
  5. Bernhelm Booss-Bavnbek, Jens Høyrup (2003). Mathematics and War. Birkhäuser Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7643-1634-1.
  6. "Cyber Heroes of the past: "Amazing Grace" Hopper". Retrieved 12 December 2013.
  7. "Grace Murray Hopper". Retrieved 12 December 2012.