Wikipedia

Aleppo

Aleppo (Arabic: حلب‎ Ḥalab [ˈħælæb], ither names) is the lairgest ceety in Sirie an the caipital o Aleppo Govrenorate, the maist muckle Sirie govrenorate. Wi a population o 2,301,570 (2005 offeecial estimate), it is an aa the lairgest ceety in the Levant.[3][4]

Aleppo

حلب

Ḥalab
Eik-name(s): 
Ash-Shahbaa
Aleppo is located in Syrie
Aleppo
Aleppo
Location in Sirie
Coordinates: 36°13′N 37°10′E / 36.217°N 37.167°E / 36.217; 37.167
Kintra Sirie
GovrenorateAleppo Govrenorate
DestrictMunt Simeon
Govrenment
 • Heid o Ceety CooncilMohammad Ayman Hallaq
Area
 • Urban
190 km2 (70 sq mi)
Elevation
379 m (1,243 ft)
Population
 (2004 census)
 • City2,132,100
 • Metro
2,181,061
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Area code(s)Kintra code: 963, Ceety code: 21
DemonymAleppine
WebsiteAleppo City
Sources: Aleppo city area [1] Sources: City population [2]

Aleppo is ane o the auldest continuously inhabitit ceeties in the warld; it haes been inhabitit syne aiblins as early as the 6t millenium BC.[5][6] Excavations at Tell Qaramel (25 km north o Aleppo) shaw the aurie tae hae been inhabitit syne the 11t millenium BC, which maks it the auldest kent human dounset in the warld.[7][8][9][10] Excavations at Tell as-Sawda an Tell al-Ansari, juist sooth o the auld ceety o Aleppo, shaw that the aurie wis occupee'd syne at least the latter pairt o the 3rd millennium BC;[11] an this is an aa whan Aleppo is first mentioned in cuneiform tablets unearthed in Ebla an Mesopotamie, in which it is notit for its commercial an military proficiency.[6][12] Sic a lang history is probably due tae its bein a strategic tradin pynt midway atween the Mediterranean Sea an Mesopotamie.

For centuries, Aleppo haes been Greater Sirie's lairgest ceety an the Ottoman Empire's third, efter Constantinople an Cairo.[13][14][15] Awtho relatively close tae Damascus in distance, Aleppo is distinct in identity, airchitectur an cultur, aw shaped bi a markedly different history an geography.

The ceety's significance in history haes been its location at the end o the Silk Road, which passed throu central Asie an Mesopotamie. When the Suez Canal wis inauguratit in 1869, trade wis divertit tae sea an Aleppo began its slow decline. At the faw o the Ottoman Empire efter Warld War I, Aleppo cedit its northren hinterland tae modren Turkey, as well as the important railwey connectin it tae Mosul. Then in the 1940s it lost its main access tae the sea, Antioch an Alexandretta (Iskenderun), an aa tae Turkey. Feenally, the isolation o Sirie in the past few decades further exacerbatit the situation, awtho aiblins it is this vera decline that haes helped tae preserve the auld ceety o Aleppo, its mediaeval airchitectur an traditional heritage. Aleppo is nou experiencin a noticeable revival an is slowly returnin tae the spotlicht. It recently wan the title o the "Islamic Caipital o Cultur 2006", an haes an aa witnessed a wave o successfu restorations o its treasured monuments.

Etymology eedit

Aleppo in hieroglyphs
Aa1
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Chalba
ẖrb3
Aleppo
 
Aleppo ceety centre

Aleppo wis kent tae antiquity as Khalpe, Khalibon, an tae the Greeks as Beroea (Βέροια). Durin the Crusades, an again durin the French Mandate for Sirie an the Lebanon, the name Alep wis uised: "Aleppo" is an Italianised version o this. Housomeivver, the auncient name o the ceety, Halab, is o obscure oreegin. Some hae proposed that Halab means 'iron' or 'copper' in Amorite leids syne it wis a major soorce o thir metals in antiquity. Halaba in Aramaic means white, referrin tae the colour o soil an marble abundant in the aurie. Anither proposed etymology is that the name Halab means "gave oot milk," comin frae the auncient tradeetion that Aubraham gae milk tae travelers as thay muivit throughoot the region.[16] The colour o his cous wis ashen (Arab. shaheb); therefore the ceety is an aa cawed Halab ash-Shahba ("he milked the ash-coloured").

Internaitional relations eedit

Main airticle: Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Sirie

The ceety o Aleppo is the caipital o Aleppo Govrenorate an the centre o Jabal Semaan destrict. Aleppo Ceety Cooncil is the govrenin body o the ceety, but the govrenor in his turn, enjoys the heichest authority in the ceety as well as the whole govrenorate.

Twin touns — sister ceeties eedit

Currently, Aleppo haes fower sister an pairtner ceeties:

References eedit

  1. ↑ Syria News statement by Syrian Minister of Local Administration, Syria (Arabic, August 2009) Archived 2017-10-09 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ↑ Central Bureau of Statistics Aleppo city population Archived 2012-05-20 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ↑ "UN Demographic Yearbook 2009" (PDF). Retrieved 21 Apryle 2010.
  4. ↑ Expatify.com Navigating the Major Cities of Syria
  5. ↑ Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition (2010)
  6. ↑ a b Syria Gate Archived 2010-12-24 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ↑ Anna Ślązak (21 Juin 2007). "Yet another sensational discovery by Polish archaeologists in Syria". Science in Poland service, Polish Press Agency. Archived frae the original on 1 October 2011. Retrieved 26 November 2010.
  8. ↑ R.F. Mazurowski (2007). "Pre- and Protohistory in the Near East: Tell Qaramel (Syria)". Newsletter 2006. Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, Warsaw University. Retrieved 26 November 2010.
  9. ↑ Magdalena Frender-Majewska (5 November 2009). "Qaramel: Five Tower Settlement". Newsweek (Poland). Retrieved 26 November 2010.[deid airtin] (in Pols)
  10. ↑ "Qaramel: Oldest City in the World". National Geographic (Poland). 27 December 2009. Retrieved 26 November 2010. (in Pols)
  11. ↑ The Oxford encyclopedia o archaeology in the Near East (1997)
  12. ↑ Britannica Concise Encyclopedia (2010)
  13. ↑ Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
  14. ↑ Russell, Alexander (1794) The natural history of Aleppo
  15. ↑ Gaskin, James J. 1846 Geography and sacred history of Syria p.33
  16. ↑ Travels of Rabbi Pesachia of Regensburg. teachittome.com (p. 53).


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