Jiuquan
Jiuquan (Cheenese: 酒泉; pinyin: Jiǔquán) is a "prefectur-level ceety" in the wastmaist pairt o the Gansu province in Cheenae. It is ane o the lairgest ceeties in the warld bi aurie.
Jiuquan | |
|---|---|
| 酒泉市 | |
.png) Location of Jiuquan Prefectur (shadit in yellae) athin Gansu | |
  Jiuquan Location of Jiuquan Prefectur (shadit in yellae) athin Gansu | |
| Coordinates: 39°46′N 98°34′E / 39.767°N 98.567°E | |
| Kintra | Cheenae |
| Province | Gansu |
| Area | |
| • Total | 191342 km2 (73,878 sq mi) |
| Population (2002) | |
| • Total | 962,000 |
| • Density | 5.0/km2 (13/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China standard time) |
| Website | http://www.jiuquan.gov.cn/ |
History eedit
The entire "prefectur-level ceety" (that is, a multi-coonty admeenistrative unit - an equivalent tae the traditional Cheenese prefectur) stretches for mair nor 500 km frae east tae wast, occupyin 191,342 km²; its population as o 2002 wis 962,000.
The ceety's name came frae legendary tale o the young Han general Huo Qubing, who poured a jar o precious wine intae a local creek in order tae share the taste wi his troops, in celebration o thair crushin victory against Xiongnu forces. The creek wis later named Jiu Quan ("Wine Spring"), which became the name o the Han prefecture established thare. It wis an active military garrison durin the Later Han Dynasty.[1]
It is kent in popular legend as the place whaur rhubarb wis first grown an is an aa the ceety whaur the Portuguese Jesuit missionary an splorer Bento de Góis (1562–1607) wis robbed an dee'd destitute.[2]
Admeenistrative diveesions eedit
| Cairt | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||
| # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2004 est.) |
Aurie (km²) | Density (/km²) |
| 1 | Suzhou Destrict | 肃州区 | Sùzhōu Qū | 350,000 | 3,349 | 105 |
| 2 | Yumen Ceety | 玉门市 | Yùmén Shì | 170,000 | 13,500 | 13 |
| 3 | Dunhuang Ceety | 敦煌市 | Dūnhuáng Shì | 140,000 | 26,960 | 5 |
| 4 | Jinta Coonty | 金塔县 | Jīntǎ Xiàn | 140,000 | 14,663 | 9 |
| 5 | Guazhou Coonty | 瓜州县 | Guāzhōu Xiàn | 90,000 | 21,350 | 4 |
| 6 | Subei Mongol Autonomous Coonty | 肃北蒙古族 自治县 |
Sùběi Měnggǔzú Zìzhìxiàn |
10,000 | 55,000 | <1 |
| 7 | Aksai Kazakh Autonomous Coonty | 阿克塞哈萨克族 自治县 |
Ākèsài Hāsàkèzú Zìzhìxiàn |
10,000 | 31,374 | <1 |
Geography eedit
Jiuquan haes a cauld desert climate (Koppen BWk), wi lang, cauld winters, an het, somewha dry simmers. Monthly average temperatures range frae −9 °C (15.8 °F) in Januar tae 21.7 °C (71.1 °F) in Julie, wi an annual mean o 7.5 °C (45.5 °F). The range atween daytime an nichttime temperatures is heich throughoot hintle o the year. Wi sunny wather an law humidity dominatin year-roond, the aurie hosts ane o the launch steids for the PRC's space programme.
| Climate data for Jiuquan (1971−2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average heich °C (°F) | −1.6 (29.1) |
2.3 (36.1) |
9.1 (48.4) |
17.4 (63.3) |
23.2 (73.8) |
26.8 (80.2) |
28.6 (83.5) |
27.8 (82.0) |
22.7 (72.9) |
15.3 (59.5) |
6.5 (43.7) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
14.8 (58.7) |
| Average law °C (°F) | −14.9 (5.2) |
−11.3 (11.7) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
2.8 (37.0) |
8.4 (47.1) |
12.7 (54.9) |
14.7 (58.5) |
13.4 (56.1) |
8.2 (46.8) |
1.2 (34.2) |
−6.1 (21.0) |
−12.6 (9.3) |
1.0 (33.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 1.2 (0.05) |
1.4 (0.06) |
4.8 (0.19) |
3.7 (0.15) |
7.9 (0.31) |
14.8 (0.58) |
20.5 (0.81) |
19.7 (0.78) |
8.8 (0.35) |
2.3 (0.09) |
1.6 (0.06) |
1.1 (0.04) |
87.8 (3.47) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 3.0 | 5.8 | 7.9 | 6.5 | 3.2 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 39.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 53 | 45 | 40 | 35 | 37 | 47 | 53 | 52 | 51 | 47 | 49 | 56 | 47 |
| Mean monthly sunshine oors | 219.0 | 211.5 | 240.6 | 259.0 | 293.3 | 283.0 | 279.1 | 276.9 | 267.5 | 265.1 | 227.1 | 208.6 | 3,030.7 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 74 | 71 | 65 | 66 | 66 | 63 | 62 | 65 | 72 | 77 | 76 | 72 | 68 |
| Source: Cheenae Meteorological Admeenistration[3] | |||||||||||||
Suzhou toun eedit
The admeenistrative centre o the "prefectur-level ceety" o Jiuquan is the "Destrict" o Suzhou (肃州区, Suzhou Qu), which occupees 3,386 square km in the eastren pairt o Jiuquan "prefecture-level ceety", an haed a population o 340,000 as o 2002. It is whaur modren mapmakers wad uisually place the "Jiuquan" label.
Thare is (or wis) a lairge billbuird at the entrance tae the ceety that read: "Without Haste, Without Fear, We Conquer the World".[2]
The Destrict o Suzhou corresponds tae the historic toun o Suzhou (no tae be ramfeeselt wi Suzhou in Jiangsu province). It wis foondit in 111 BC as a military ootpost on the Silk Road tae Central Asie (the Hexi Corridor). It is approximately 1500 m abuin sea level.
Bein an important key pynt in the Hexi Corridor, Suzhou aften foond itsel tae be a defendit fortress, taken wi a hivy loss o life, as wis the case when Meng Qiaofang teuk it frae Ding Guodong in 1649, or when the Qing general Zuo Zongtang teuk it in 1873 frae its Hui defenders commandit bi Ma Wenlu durin the Muslim Rebellion.
Transport eedit
Jiuquan is served bi Cheenae Naitional Heich-gate 312 an the Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway.
It is an aa served bi Jiuquan Airport
Space launch center eedit
Jiuquan ceety (i.e. Suzhou) is the closest major ceety tae the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. Still, the space launch centre is mair nor 100 km away frae the ceety, an is actually locatit no in Gansu province, but in the neighborin Inner Mongolie Autonomous Region. It wis biggit in 1958; the first Cheenese human spaceflicht, Shenzhou 5 wis launched thare on 15 October 2003, makin Yang Liwei Cheenae's first cosmonaut an a naitional hero.[2] The seicont wis in 2005.
See an aa eedit
Footnotes eedit
- ↑ Hill, John E. (Sept., 2003). Draft annotated translation of the Xiyu juan of the Hou Hanshu, or The Western Regions according to the Hou Hanshu. [1]
- ↑ a b c Winchester, Simon. (2008), The Man Who Loved China, p. 264. HarperCollins, New York. ISBN 978-0-06-088459-8.
- ↑ 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年） (in Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Archived frae the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 4 Mey 2010. Unknown parameter
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Freemit airtins eedit
| Wikimedia Commons haes media relatit tae Jiuquan. |
- Offeecial Wab Steid Archived 2018-08-15 at the Wayback Machine
- Rocket launch steid—Astronautix