Grace Murray Hopper (December 9, 1906 – Januar 1, 1992) wis an American computer scientist an Unitit States Navy Rear Admiral. A pioneer in the field, she wis ane o the first programmers o the Harvard Mark I computer, an developed the first compiler for a computer programmin leid.[1][2][3][4][5] She conceptualized the idea o machine-independent programmin leids, which led tae the development o COBOL, ane o the first modren programmin leids. She is credited wi popularizing the term "debuggin" for fixin computer glitches (inspired bi an actual moch removed frae the computer). Owin tae the breadth o her accomplishments an her naval rank, she is whiles referred tae as "Amazing Grace".[6][7] The U.S. Navy destroyer USS Hopper (DDG-70) is named for her, as wis the Cray XE6 "Hopper" supercomputer at NERSC.

Grace Murray Hopper
Hopper in Januar 1984
Elk-name"Amazing Grace"
Born9 December 1906(1906-12-09)
New York Ceety, New York, U.S.
Dee'd1 Januar 1992(1992-01-01) (aged 85)
Arlington, Virginie, U.S.
Place o burialArlington Naitional Seemetry
Allegiance Unitit States o Americae
Service/branch Unitit States Navy
Years o service1943–1966, 1967–1971, 1972–1986
Rank Rear Admiral (lawer hauf)
Awairds Defense Distinguished Service Medal
Legion o Merit
Meritorious Service Medal
American Campaign Medal
Warld War II Victory Medal
Naitional Defense Service Medal
Armed Forces Reserve Medal wi twa Oorglass Devices
Naval Reserve Medal

References eedit

  1. Richard L. Wexelblat, ed. (1981). History of Programming Languages. New York: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-745040-8.CS1 maint: extra text: authors leet (link)
  2. Donald D. Spencer (1985). Computers and Information Processing. C.E. Merrill Publishing Co. ISBN 978-0-675-20290-9.
  3. Phillip A. Laplante (2001). Dictionary of computer science, engineering, and technology. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-2691-2.
  4. Bryan H. Bunch, Alexander Hellemans (1993). The Timetables of Technology: A Chronology of the Most Important People and Events in the History of Technology. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-76918-5.
  5. Bernhelm Booss-Bavnbek, Jens Høyrup (2003). Mathematics and War. Birkhäuser Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7643-1634-1.
  6. "Cyber Heroes of the past: "Amazing Grace" Hopper". Retrieved 12 December 2013.
  7. "Grace Murray Hopper". Retrieved 12 December 2012.