English: Garlieston Breakwater showing excellent lichen vegetation zonation. The topmost grey lichens are Ramalina spp., with yellow lichens Xanthoria spp. below. The black lichen Verrucaria maura always occurs below these in the lichen zones. The width and height of the lichen zones depends on exposure - these are large bands as the breakwater is extremely exposed - no plants are present on the stone structure
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