Dushanbe
Dushanbe (Tajik: Душанбе, Dushanbe; Dyushambe till 1929, Stalinabad till 1961), population 679,400 fowk (2008 est.), is the caipital an lairgest ceety o Tajikistan. Dushanbe means "Monday" in Tajik,[2] an the name reflects the fact that the ceety grew on the site o a veelage that oreeginally wis a popular Monday marketplace.
Dushanbe | |
|---|---|
 View o Presidential Palace | |
 Seal | |
  Dushanbe Location of Dushanbe in Tajikistan | |
| Coordinates: 38°32′12″N 68°46′48″E / 38.53667°N 68.78000°ECoordinates: 38°32′12″N 68°46′48″E / 38.53667°N 68.78000°E | |
| Kintra |  Tajikistan |
| Govrenment | |
| • Mayor | Rustam Emomali |
| Area | |
| • City | 124.6 km2 (48.1 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 706 m (2,316 ft) |
| Population (2014)[1] | |
| • City | 778,500 |
| • Density | 6,200/km2 (16,000/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1 051 200 |
| Time zone | UTC+5 (Tajikistan Time) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+5 (Tajikistan Time) |
| Website | www |
History eedit
Situatit on the confluence o twa rivers, Varzob an Kofarnihon, Dushanbe(دوشنبه) is the caipital o Tajikistan. Awtho archaeological remnants datin tae the 5t century BC hae been discovered in the aurie, thare is little tae suggest that Dushanbe wis mair nor a smaa veelage till aroond 80 years ago. In 1920, the last Emir o Bukhara briefly tuik refuge in Dushanbe (then cawed Dyushambe) efter bein owerthrown bi the Bolshevik revolution. He fled tae Afghanistan efter the Red Airmy conquered the aurie the next year.
Dushanbe, that means "Monanday" in Persian,فارسی, developt on the site o a Monday marketplace veelage, Dyushambe-Bozor,[3] an its umwhile name Dyushambe wis a Roussified version o the wird meanin "Monday" in Persian[4] (du-shanbe frae du twa + shanbe Seturday, lit. "seicont day efter Seturday"). Follaein the Reid Airmy victory in Central Asie the veelage wis upgradit tae toun in 1925 an made the caipital o the newly creatit Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik ASSR). Efter the transformation o Tajik ASSR tae Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik SSR) in 1929, Dyushambe wis renamed Stalinabad, efter Joseph Stalin. As pairt o Nikita Khrushchev's de-Stalinization initiative, the ceety wis renamed Dushanbe in 1961.
The Soviets transformed the aurie intae a centre for cotton an silk production, an relocatit tens o thoosans o fowk tae the ceety frae aroond the Soviet Union. The population an aa increased wi thoosans o ethnic Tajiks migratin tae Tajikistan follaein the transfer o Bukhara an Samarkand tae the Uzbek SSR. A peaceful an relatively prosperous ceety unner Soviet rule, Dushanbe wis home tae a varsity an the Tajik Academy of Sciences. Severe riotin occurred in Februar 1990, efter it wis rumored that Moscow planned tae relocatit tens o thoosans o Armenian refugees tae Tajikistan. Dushanbe riots wur primarily fueled bi concerns aboot hoosin shortages for the Tajik population, but thay coincidit wi a wave o naitionalist unrest that swept Transcaucasie an ither Central Asian states during the twilicht o Gorbachev's era.[5] The ceety wis badly damaged as a result o the Ceevil War in Tajikistan (1992–1997) that sprang up in the naition shortly efter its unthirldom. Houever resurgences in the Tajik economy hae transformed Dushanbe intae a rapidly graein commercial, cultural an industrial centre. Mony multi-story apartment an office buildings wur constructit an the ceety wis bonnified during this period. Monuments an statues commemoratin the ceety's Persian an Iranian past wur erectit.
Demographics eedit
Dusanbe is currently made up o: 83.4% Tajiks, 9.1% Uzbeks, 5.1% Roushies, 2.4% ither.
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1926 | 6,000 |
| 1936 | 83,000 |
| 1956 | 227,000 |
| 1971 | 388,000 |
| 1991 | 582,000 |
| 2002 | 579,000 |
| 2006 | 661,000 |
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Mosque in Dushanbe -
Orthodox kirk in Dushanbe
Destricts eedit
Dushanbe is dividit intae the follaein destricts:
- Abu Ali Ibn Sina
- Firdawsi
- Ismail Somoni
- Shokhmansur
Climate eedit
Despite the fact that it is locatit several hunders o miles away frae ony lairge body o watter, Dushanbe features a Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa). The simmers are het an dry an the winters are chilly, but no cauld. The climate is damper than ither Central Asian caipitals, wi an average annual rainfall well ower 500 millimetre (20 in) but is still hichtlie continental an haes the het, dry simmers teepical o the region. Winters are no as cauld as further north awin tae the shieldin o the ceety bi moontain frae extremely cauld air frae Siberie.
Economy eedit
Coal, lead, an arsenic are mined nearbi in the ceeties o Nurek an Kulob allouin for the industrialization o Dushanbe. The Nurek Dam, the warld's hichtest as o 2010, generates 95% of Tajikistan's electricity, an anither dam, the Roghun Dam, is planned on the Vakhsh River. A leadin cotton textile centre, Dushanbe an aa produces silk, machinery, electrical appliances, clothin, laither guids, tractor pairts, an foodstuffs. The ceety o Dushanbe is nou hame tae a nummer o modern telecommunications, aeronautic an ither business corporations addin vitality tae its economy. Tourism an ecotourism tae the Dushanbe region is a component o the ceety's service industry, which includes shoppin centers, cafes, restaurants, an hotels. Museums an theatres add a cultural element tae the economy.
Buildings an attractions eedit
- Dushanbe Airport
- Haji Yakoub Mosque
- Dushanbe Synagogue (destroyed in simmer 2008)
- Museum of Ethnography
- Tajikistan National Museum (Tajik Unified Museum)
- Naitional Museum o Antiquities o Tajikistan
- Vahdat Palace
- Palace of Nations
- Dushanbe Zoo
- Botanical Garden
- Dushanbe Opera
- Dushanbe Circus
- Gurminj Museum of Muisical Instruments (Gurminj Museum)
Education eedit
Mony o the maist important varsities an institutes are based in Dushanbe:
- Tajik State Naitional University
- Tajikistan Humanitarian Internaitional University
- Agricultural University of Tajikistan
- Tajik State Medical University
- Tajik State Pedagogical University
- Tajik State University o Commerce
- Tajik University o Law, Business an Politics
- Tajik-Roushie Slavic University
- Tajikistan University o Technology
- Tajikistan-Roushie Modern University
- Technical University o Tajikistan
Transport eedit
The ceety is served bi Dushanbe Airport.
Sister ceeties eedit
Currently, Dushanbe haes 14 sister ceeties.
Lusaka, Zambie (1966)
Sana'a, Yemen (25 Juin 1967)
Monastir, Tunisie (24 November 1967)
Klagenfurt, Austrick (1972)
Lahore, Pakistan (15 September 1976)
Boulder, USA (8 Mey 1987)
Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan (13 Julie 1991)
Reutlingen, Germany (5 October 1991)
Saunt Petersburg, Roushie (6 October 1991)
Shiraz, Iran (16 Februar 1992)
Minsk, Belaroushie (21 Julid 1998)
Ürümqi, Cheenae (10 September 1999)- Tehran, Iran (12 Mairch 2001)
Ankara, Turkey (11 December 2003)
Notes eedit
- ↑ Population o the Republic o Tajikistan as o 1 Januar, State Statistical Committee, Dushanbe, 2012 (in Roushie)
- ↑ D. Saimaddinov, S. D. Kholmatova, an S. Karimov, Tajik-Russian Dictionary, Academy or Sciences or the Republic or Tajikistan, Rudaki Institute of Language and Literature, Scientific Center for Persian-Tajik Culture, Dushanbe, 2006.
- ↑ Dushanbe in Dictionary of Geographic Names (in Roushie)
- ↑ Francis Joseph Steingass, A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary, on-line edition
- ↑ Ethnic rioting in Dushanbe, New York Times, 13 February 1990. Retrieved 18 October 2008
External links eedit
| Wikimedia Commons haes media relatit tae Dushanbe. |
- Dushanbe pictures through eyes o wastrener
- Dushanbe street map
- Encyclopedia Iranica airticle on Dushanbe Archived 2012-01-12 at the Wayback Machine
- Dushanbe on wikimapia
- Tajik Web Gateway
- Dushanbe Ceety Coat o Airms
- Boulder-Dushanbe Sister Ceeties
- Steam Locomotive in a Dushanbe Pairk near the main railway station Archived 2012-06-23 at the Wayback Machine
